O ISI W OD V LA U N K D U S M CLEAN ENERGY Adaptable Accessible Clean Reliable Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable A Resource Book for Secondary School Environment Clubs CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ ii Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... iii Preamble ..................................................................................................................................iv Foreword ..................................................................................................................................v Problem statement ..................................................................................................................vi Clean Energy Workshop Objectives ........................................................................................vi 1 Energy ................................................................................................................................1 1.1 What is energy?.......................................................................................................2 1.2 Sources of energy.....................................................................................................3 1.3 Zimbabwe Energy supply situation ........................................................................3 2 Types of energy .................................................................................................................4 2.1 Biomass ..................................................................................................................4 2.2 Fossil Fuels .............................................................................................................4 2.3 Electricity.................................................................................................................5 2.3.1 How is electricity generated from water? .............................................................5 2.3.2 General Energy Strategy ........................................................................................6 2.4 Important Laws and Regulations and polices...........................................................6 2.5 Electricity Market ...................................................................................................7 2.6 Key problems of the Energy Sector.........................................................................7 3 Energy Conservation..........................................................................................................9 3.1 Energy saving tips ...................................................................................................9 3.1.1 Electricity saving in cooking ...................................................................................9 3.1.2 Electricity saving on water heating ......................................................................10 3.1.3 Electricity saving on lighting .................................................................................10 3.2 Safety in the home ...............................................................................................10 4 Climate Change Response: The need to Cope, Adapt and Mitigate .....................11 4.1 Climate Change ..................................................................................................11 4.2 Global Warming ..................................................................................................11 4.3 Greenhouse gases and greenhouse effect ............................................................12 4.4 The Ozone Layer Depletion...............................................................................13 4.5 Impacts of Climate Change .................................................................................14 4.5.1 Children’s fi ndings on Climate Change ................................................................15 4.6 Adaptation and Mitigation ...................................................................................15 5 Renewable Clean Energy................................................................................................16 5.1 Why must we go for Clean Energy? .....................................................................16 5.2 Energy For all Options and Sources of Renewable and Clean Energy .................17 5.2.1 Solar Energy .........................................................................................................17 5.2.2 Wind Energy .........................................................................................................23 5.2.3 Geothermal Energy ..............................................................................................23 5.2.4 Micro-hydropower (Using water power to generate energy).............................23 5.2.5 Biogas ...................................................................................................................24 5.2.6 Fireless cooker .....................................................................................................28 5.3 Cookstoves ...........................................................................................................31 5.3.1 Open fi re cooking. ...............................................................................................32 5.3.2 Rocket Stove ........................................................................................................34 5.4 What can we do as an Eco Schools environment club? .......................................36 6 The Eco Schools Programme .......................................................................................37 6.1 Becoming an Eco School ......................................................................................38 6.2 Membership .........................................................................................................38 6.3 Information and Registration ............................................................................... 38 Glossary................................................................................................................................. 39 References ............................................................................................................................41 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Compiled by: Mukuvisi Woodlands. Editing by: ACTION Institute for Environment Health and Development Communication (Action IEHDC). Researchers: Gibson Nhokwara, Eunice Moyo, Pyke Chari. Photography: Green Studio, Brighton Nyachega. Design and Layout: Casmia Nyamuba. Artwork: Munyaradzi Tsodzo. Mukuvisi Woodlands would like to thank the experts from the participating organisations for their contribution in this book. Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information within this book. This book could not have been produced without the editorial skills of Action Institute for Environment Health and Development Communication (Action IEHDC). This book has been produced with fi nancial support from UNICEF and technical assistance from colleagues at the UNICEF Harare Climate Offi ce, Amy Wickham, Jeremiah Mushosho and Jackie Magwenzi. Consent for use of pictures and information in this book was granted by the presenters and resource persons at the three workshops for school environment club leaders. These have been acknowledged as Blessing Jonga (BJ), Lewis Makurumure (LM), Chiedza Mazaiwana (CM), Jeremiah Mushosho (JM), Amy Wickham (AW), Brighton Nyachega (BN), Green studio, Practical Action, Ministry of Energy and Power Development, Rural Electrifi cation Agency (REA), Econet Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority (ZERA) and Mr. Ndiweni from Fort Rixon in Matabeleland South Province who allowed the Clean Energy workshop participants to use his homestead for practical activities where they witnessed biogas in use (see back cover picture). The information has been used for educational purposes rather than for commercial reasons as this book is not for sale but intended to be a handbook for environment club members who are interested in clean energy projects. Thank you to all the children, teachers and the schools that helped in the pre-testing of the booklet. Testing was done with Grades 4, 5, 6 and 7 pupils from Louis Mount Batten Primary School and their environment club teacher patrons, Mrs. Manyonga, Miss Sibanda and Mrs. Saungweme the Deputy Head. Pre-testing was also done with the environment club members in Forms 1, 2, 3 and Upper 6 at Mufakose 1 High School together with their teacher patrons Mrs. Veronica Muchawa, Mrs. Chitsa and the Head of Department (HOD) Geography, Mr. Matavire. Second Print Clean Energy for School Environment Clubs ii ABBREVIATIONS IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change NocZim National Oil Company of Zimbabwe REA Rural Electrifi cation Agency UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund ZERA Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority ZESA Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority ZETDC Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company Zim Asset Zimbabwe Agenda for Sustainable Socio Economic Transformation SPV Solar Photovoltaic system PVP Photo Voltaic Products GWh Gigawatt hour(s) mW Megawatt(s) kWh Kilowatt-hour(s) kW Kilowatt(s) W Watts HEP Hydroelectric Power ZPC Zimbabwe Power Company LED Light-emitting diode iii Clean Energy for School Environment Clubs PREAMBLE This booklet comes as a result of a series