FY 2021 Budget Request Deep Space Exploration Systems ($ Millions) FY 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY 2024 FY 2025 Deep Space Exploration Systems 5,044.8 6,017.6 8,761.7 10,299.7 11,605.1 10,887.7 8,962.2 Exploration Systems Development 4,086.8 3,713.9 4,042.3 4,011.2 4,071.7 3,767.7 3,634.8 Orion Program 1,350.0 981.0 1,400.5 1,322.3 1,391.0 1,239.9 1,084.7 Space Launch System 2,144.0 2,203.3 2,257.1 2,238.3 2,249.2 2,091.8 2,087.1 Exploration Ground Systems 592.8 529.6 384.7 450.6 431.6 436.0 463.0 Exploration Research & Development 958.0 2,303.7 4,719.4 6,288.5 7,533.4 7,120.0 5,327.4 Advanced Exploration Systems 348.9 255.6 258.2 226.9 146.7 130.1 130.1 Adv Cislunar and Surface Capabilities 132.1 1,294.2 212.1 821.4 1,664.5 1,502.1 1,152.6 Gateway 332.0 613.9 739.3 712.1 481.8 376.5 476.4 Human Research Program 145.0 140.0 140.0 140.0 140.0 140.0 140.0 Human Landing System 0.0 0.0 3,369.8 4,388.1 5,100.4 4,971.3 3,428.3 Grand Total 5,044.8 6,017.6 8,761.7 10,299.7 11,605.1 10,887.7 8,962.2 The FY 2021 Budget for the Deep Space Exploration Systems account consists of two areas, Exploration Systems Development (ESD) and Exploration Research and Development (ERD), which provide for the development of systems and capabilities needed for human exploration of the Moon and Mars. Exploration Systems Development (ESD) ESD programs work together to build the space transportation system made up of the Orion crew vehicle, the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket, and Exploration Ground Systems (EGS). This system will enable the Agency’s new mission to extend human presence into the solar system, starting with a return to the Moon in 2024. The Artemis I and Artemis II launch dates are under review pending completion of the Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD) Program Status Assessment. In parallel, NASA is performing an independent technical and programmatic assessment, including a joint cost and schedule confidence level analysis of the SLS and EGS programs. The Orion program will continue final assembly and testing of the Artemis I crew vehicle at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and continue hardware production of the Artemis II crew vehicle at Michoud Assembly Facility (MAF) and KSC. The SLS rocket’s production and certification for flight will continue at MAF and Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) along with engine and core stage testing at Stennis Space Center (SSC). Key rocket components will be delivered to EGS at KSC for integration into the final flight launch vehicle with the Orion crew vehicle. Due to ongoing challenges in the completion of the Block 1 variant, the Budget proposes to defer work on Block 1B upgrades to ensure the safe and reliable completion of the initial Block 1. EGS will continue to prepare launch infrastructure and operations requirements in support of the SLS and Orion programs. Modifications to existing facility and command and control systems will be ongoing. NASA will explore approaches for reducing the costs of future exploration missions to enable a more sustainable and scalable exploration program. Exploration Research and Development (ERD) ERD is comprised of five programs: the Human Landing System (HLS), Advanced Cislunar Surface Capabilities (ACSC), Gateway, Advanced Exploration Systems (AES), and the Human Research Program (HRP). The overarching goal of ERD is to infuse technologies and research into the development of human exploration capabilities using a combination of unique in-house activities, competed research, and public-private partnerships. ERD is developing and testing prototype systems, as well as planning and developing flight missions to lunar orbit and the Moon, and conducting and enabling human research that will form the basis for future human spaceflight missions. The major initiative in the FY 2021 President's Budget is the HLS program, utilizing essential commercial partnerships to develop and jointly deploy the integrated landing system that will transport crew to and from the lunar surface and establish a series of lunar missions that build on that capability. ACSC is conducting risk reduction studies to develop strategies and identify technologies to feed into lunar sustainability and future Mars efforts. Gateway is a platform that will orbit the Moon and support lunar landers and surface activities, to include a Power and Propulsion Element (PPE) by 2022 and the Habitation and Logistics Outpost (HALO) as well as logistics services. AES will continue work to identify and address knowledge gaps and deliver fundamental capabilities to provide astronauts a place to live and work with integrated life support systems, radiation protection, food, fire safety, avionics and software, logistics management, and systems to manage waste. HRP is responsible for understanding and mitigating the highest risks to astronaut health and performance to ensure crews remain healthy and productive during long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO). FY 2021 Budget Request LEO and Space Flight Operations ($ Millions) FY 2019 FY 2020 FY 2021 FY 2022 FY 2023 FY 2024 FY 2025 LEO and Spaceflight Operations 4,640.4 4,140.2 4,187.3 4,147.3 4,147.3 4,147.3 4,147.3 International Space Station 1,490.3 1,314.9 1,400.7 1,390.7 1,338.4 1,314.1 1,319.2 Space Transportation 2,109.7 1,824.3 1,877.8 1,771.4 1,826.8 1,848.7 1,843.4 Commercial Crew Program 214.1 250.8 99.7 63.2 63.2 64.6 64.6 Crew and Cargo Program 1,895.6 1,573.5 1,778.1 1,708.1 1,763.6 1,784.1 1,778.7 Space and Flight Support (SFS) 1,000.4 851.0 758.7 810.2 782.1 784.5 784.7 21st Century Space Launch Complex 14.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Human Space Flight Operations 133.1 101.1 89.9 101.1 103.7 104.6 104.8 Launch Services 88.4 94.7 91.9 101.9 92.2 92.2 92.2 Rocket Propulsion Test 60.0 46.7 47.6 47.8 47.8 47.8 47.8 Communications Services Program 101.9 3.0 23.4 42.0 51.2 58.9 58.9 Space Communications and Navigation 602.5 605.5 506.0 517.4 487.1 481.1 481.1 Commercial LEO Development 40.0 150.0 150.0 175.0 200.0 200.0 200.0 Grand Total 4,640.4 4,140.2 4,187.3 4,147.3 4,147.3 4,147.3 4,147.3 The FY 2021 Budget for the LEO and Spaceflight Operations account consists of four areas: International Space Station (ISS), Space Transportation, Space and Flight Support (SFS), and Commercial LEO Development. International Space Station (ISS) NASA is working to foster a robust commercial ecosystem in low Earth orbit (LEO). Through the ISS, NASA meets its own requirements for research and technology development while also supporting a burgeoning community of non-NASA users. Over time, NASA has been and will continue to transition various aspects of human spaceflight operations in LEO to the private sector. This includes changes to the funding model supporting ISS and the use of commercial space stations, when they become available. As the world’s only current crewed space-based multinational research laboratory and technology test bed, ISS supports the emerging commercial ecosystem in LEO as well as the future of deep space human exploration. The ISS: - Promotes commerce in space through public-private partnerships as new commercialization concepts are explored; - Advances exploration of the solar system and enables scientists to identify and quantify risks to human health and performance, develop countermeasures, and develop and test technologies that protect astronauts during extended human space exploration; - Supports unique research and development opportunities in the areas of biological and physical science processes; - Maintains the ISS international partnership that has brought together many spacefaring nations in peaceful cooperative activity; and - Supports current and planned Earth and Space Science observation missions. Space Transportation Continues NASA’s partnership with U.S. commercial space industry to develop and operate safe, reliable, and affordable systems to transport crew to and from the ISS and LEO. This strategy will lay the foundation for more affordable and sustainable future human space transportation capabilities, bolster American leadership, reduce our current reliance on foreign providers for this service, and help stimulate the American aerospace industry. Sustains NASA’s ISS cargo supply function in partnership with American private industry. Continues to advance commercial spaceflight and generate American jobs. Space and Flight Support (SFS) Provides mission-critical space communications and navigation services to customer missions, including human spaceflight, science, and commercial crew and cargo missions. Advances next-generation space communication technologies, including optical communications, Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networking, and autonomous navigation, to reduce costs and improve performance. Begins projects demonstrating the use of commercially-provided satellite-based communication services to support NASA missions. Supports the readiness and health of the crew for all NASA human spaceflight endeavors. Provides safe, reliable, and cost-effective launch services for civil sector missions, as well as launch-related support to NASA missions in development.