A JOURNAL OF GERMAN-AMERICAN HISTORY Cover: Deutsches Haus (ca. 1925) Collection of the Maryland Historical Society VOLUME XLI 1990 A JOURNAL OF GERMAN-AMERICAN HISTORY PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND RANDALL DONALDSON KLAUS WUST CO-EDITORS BALTIMORE, MARYLAND COPYRIGHT 1990 THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND P.O. Box 22585 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 21203 ISSN: 0148-7787 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EDITORIAL STATEMENT ................................................................................................ 4 MEMBERS AND OFFICERS .............................................................................................. 5 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY, 1886-1990 ............................................................................. 7 INVITATION ............................................................................................................... 9 FROM THE EDITOR ..................................................................................................... 11 A SALUTE TO THE GERMAN-AMERICAN BUSINESS ENTERPRISES OF BALTIMORE By WILLIAM H. McCLAIN ............................................................................... 13 MAJOR GENERAL THE BARON JOHANNES DE KALB: A FORGOTTEN MARYLAND PATRIOT By GERARD WM.WITTSTADT, SR ..................................................................... 17 THE GERMANTOWN PROTEST AND AFRO-GERMAN RELATIONS IN PENNSYLVANIA AND MARYLAND BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR By LEROYT. HOPKINS ................................................................................... 23 THE ROLE OF GERMAN-AMERICAN SOCIAL GROUPS IN THE ASSIMILATION OF GERMAN IMMIGRANTS By RANDALL DONALDSON ................................................................................ 33 FROM CAROLINA TO CONNECTICUT: GERMANS AND Swiss IN SEARCH OF GOLD AND SILVER, 1704-1740 By KLAUS WUST ............................................................................................ 43 THE GEORGIA SALZBURGERS AND SLAVERY By GEORGE F.JONES ........................................................ ........................... 55 IN MEMORIAM ........................................................................................................... 64 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ....................................................... .............................. 67 [ 3 ] EDITORIAL BOARD RANDALL P. DONALDSON LEROYT. HOPKINS G. KENNETH HORVATH GEORGE FENWICK JONES PETERF.JORDON LIESELOTTE E. KURTH WILLIAM H. MCCLAIN ARMIN MRUCK FREDERICKS. WEISER DANIEL F. WHITEFORD ROSEMARY WITTSTADT KLAUS WUST CARRIE-MAY KURRELMEYER ZINTL Editorial Policy: The Society for the History of the Germans in Maryland is dedicated to the preservation and dissemination of materials pertaining to the history of the Germans in North America, particularly the state of Maryland and the mid-Atlantic region. The Report provides a forum for the discussion of scholarly issues which are central to the Society's purpose and invites articles which deal with any aspect of the history and culture of the German element in North America, from materials which support genealogical research (the Society itself does not undertake such research) to studies which examine the sociological, historical, or literary aspects of the German-American experience. Articles which focus on the Germans in Maryland are especially welcome. Manuscripts are accepted at any time and should be directed to the editor at the address listed below. All submissions should be made in triplicate and should contain no information which identifies the author or would otherwise prevent an anonymous review of the manuscript by members of the editorial board. Authors should include a single separate sheet identifying themselves and providing other relevant information. All submis- sions will be read by at least two members of the editorial board. Authors will normally receive notice of the outcome of the review process within six weeks of receipt. Accepted articles will be published in the next issue, and authors can expect to see their work in print within a year of the original submission. Manuscripts should be in English and follow the form suggested by the Modern Language Association. Non-English quotations should be accompanied by an English translation. Manuscripts should be directed to: Randall Donaldson, Editor The Report Foreign Languages and Literatures, MH 519 4501 N. Charles Street Baltimore, MD 21210 [4] MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND 1987-1990 CHARLES T. ALBERT NICHOLAS B. FESSENDEN ALBERT M. AMMANN JOHN FLAHERTY ELLYAPITZ RITA FLAHERTY JOHN J. APPEL.JR. GEORGE F. FLENTJE, JR. NANCY B. AREHART SYLKE BIEBER FLINTON G. MITCHELL AUSTIN ALLEN E. FORD JANE K. AWALT M. IRENE FORD ROBERT F. AWALT ELFRIEDE G. FOWLER BETTY BANDEL Louis A. FRANZ C. RICHARD BEAM HENRY C. FREIMUTH GEORGEJ. BEICHL WILLY W. FRÜH ISABEL M. BEICHL DOROTHY GALWAY LIESELOTTE H. BIEBER JAMES A. GEDE RUDOLPH W. BIRNBACH HANNA GELDRICH-LEFFMAN GARY BLOUGH GERMAN GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA MARIANNE BOUVIER ROBERT J. GERSTUNG JEFFREY WAYNE BRAUN K. PETER GLAUBER WILLIAM T. S. BRICKER KENNETH RALPH GLAUBER BRIAN W. BROOKE MARILYN R. GLAUBER D. WILLIAM BROOKE CHARLES R. GNEITING DANDRIDGE BROOKE RICHARD N. GOETZINGER ISOLDE BROOKE JOSEF GOHRING CHARLES E. BROOKS FRANZ X. GROLL LLOYD R. BRÜCK BETTY J. GRUEL JANICE M. CARPER HARRY D. GRUEL WILLIAM F. CASEY ESTHER M. HAM ROBERT E. CAZDEN MARVIN W. HAM JANE ADAMS CLARKE M. A. HARPOLD SHEILA D. COLE ILSE MOELLER HARROP DWIGHT COLLMUS CHARLOTTE R. HARTMEYER SERENE Q. COLLMUS CHARLOTTE F. HASSLINGER JEROME FRANCIS CONNELL, SR. HARRY E. HASSLINGER ALBERTJ. CRAEMER ROBERT S. HAUSSMANN DOLORES C. DAY JOHN CHARLES HEISLER LISELOTTE H. DAVIS MAUREEN M. HELINSKI C. LYNN DEWITT BRIGITTE HENNING EMILY NORDHOFF DICICCO LEONARD F. HESSE ROBERT A. DICICCO WILLIAM M. HESSON.JR. CLAYTON A. DIETRICH ORMOND D. HIGGINS MARGARET A. DIETRICH DAVID P. HIVELY JOHNJ. DIPPEL.JR. PAUL F. HLUBB.JR. MARTIN J. DIPPEL.JR. LEROY T. HOPKINS DIANA L. DODSON JOHN H. HORST RANDALL P. DONALDSON G. KENNETH HORVATH MARTIN W. DONNER MICHAEL R. HUBER GEORGE W. DRESS, JR. ROBERT HUBER ELKE FURTHMANN DURDEN THOMAS B. INSLEY, SR. WILLIAM DURDEN GEORGE FENWICK JONES CLEMENT D. ERHARDT, JR. PETER F.JORDAN LILA M. ERHARDT JOHN F. FADER II DONALD G. KAMMERER JOSEPH M. FELLNER OTTO H. KAPPUS BRIGITTE V. FESSENDEN ELIZABETH D. KINSLEY [ 5 ] REUBEN CLARK KINSLEY FRANCIS W. PRAMSCHUFER BOWEN P. WEISHEIT HARRY W. KLASMEIER DAVID J. PRELLER.JR. RALPH L. WELLER, JR. FREDERICK P. KLAUS DAVID J. PRELLER, SR. EDWIN O. WENCK SUE ANN NORDHOFF KLAUS MORGAN H. PRITCHETT JOHN R. WESKE GERDA STEINHAUER HELEN L. RANGEL WILLIAM N. WHITE KOETTER GUENTER E. REINSBERG DANIEL F. WHITEFORD NICHOLAS J. KOHLERMAN WALTER A. REITER, JR. MARGARET WIEGAND WERNER A. KOHLMEYER WILLIAM E RENNER VERNON H. WIESAND KATHRYN E. KOLB RAGNA RENNICK ROBERT LEE WILHELM STANLEY DENMEAD KOLB JOHN A. ROBINSON RENATE WILSON HERTHA KROTKOFF HENRY T. ROEHL CARL H. WINKLER LIESELOTTE E. KURTH NORMA ROEHL GEORGE JOHN WITTSTADT, JR. MICHAEL J. KURTZ LEWIS B. ROHRBACH GERARD WM. WITTSTADT LANCASTER Co. HISTORICAL MAY ROSWELL ROSEMARY H. WITTSTADT SOCIETY LIBRARY LEVERING V. RUHL, JR. GLENN L. WITTSTADT, JR. NORMAN W. LAUENSTEIN C. A. DUTCH RUPPERSBERGER III GLENN L. WITTSTADT, SR. PETER H. LEFFMAN ROBERT H. RUPPRECHT KLAUS WITTSTADT LAUREL LEICHNER RAYMOND WITTSTADT GEORGE F. SANDER, JR. E. A. LEROY HERBERT E. WITZ BEATRICE SARLOS RICHARD LINDENBERG NELSON J. WOLFSHEIMER WILLIAM DONALD SCHAEFER ROBERTJ. LITTLE KLAUS WUST PAUL SCHAFER E. ELIZABETH LITZINGER MARIE A. SCHEFFEL JOHN E. YOUNG, SR. RAYMOND A. LOHR VERNON L. SCHEFFEL JOSEPH ZEBLEY WALTER G. LOHR.JR. REGINA M. SCHEYDT WALTER G. LOHR, SR. CARRIE-MAY KURRELMEYER ZINTL AUSTIN F. SCHILDWACHTER PAUL A. LUDTKE VOLKER K. SCHMEISSNER ROY MAACK Louis E. SCHMIDT C. PAUL MAENNER WILLIAM D. SCHMIDT, SR. PAUL R. MAENNER C. WILLIAM SCHNEIDEREITH.JR. IRVINJ. MARLEY ROSE C. SCHOENEMANN ARTHUR R. MASON WILLIAM M. SCHOENEMANN L. BRENT MATHEWS WILLIAM T. SCHOLTHOLT WILLIAM H. MCCLAIN ALBERT M. SCHÖNE MRS. ROMEO MCCLARRY M. EVE SCHULTHEISS ELFRIEDE M. METZLER ELSBETH M. SEEWALD MARTIN W. MILLER,JR. DOROTHEA SELETZKY CHARLOTTE M. MONAGHAN FREDERICK J. SINGLEY.JR. RUTH B. MONTAGUE A. RUSSELL SLAGLE JOHN E. MOTZ ROBERT LEE SLINGLUFF JOHN W. MOYER ELEANOR SNYDER ARMIN MRUCK ALFRED SOHNIUS GARY E. MYER CHARLES F. STEIN, III NAOMI D. NAPER JEAN R. STEIN LARRY M. NEFF GORDON STICK, IV CIJURE V. M. STIEFF ANDREW GERECHT KATHERINE S. SYMINGTON KIMBEL OELKE DOROTHY E. OTTER LOWELL S. THOMPSON HERBERT G. OTTER, SR. DONALD E. TILLMANN H. J. SIEGFRIED OTTO DON HEINRICH TOLZMANN GEORGE E. TROUT LAWRENCE J. PAZOVREK BERNARD A. PENNER H. EDWARD VINCENT GERD H. PETRICH WILLIAM A. VOGEL JOHN W. PFEIFER ANNA K. VON SCHWERDTNER PHILIP E. PFEIFFER.JR. ANNA K. VON ZEMENSZKY ROBIN PIERCE-BAKER GEORGE H. VON PARIS, SR. THEODOREJ. POTTHASTJR. CHARLES L. WAECHTER THEODORE J. POTTHAST, SR. RANDALL WARD JAMES W. POULTNEY FREDERICK S. WEISER HERMINE E. PRAHL [ 6 ] OFFICERS HON. GERARD WM. WITTSTADT .................................................. President DR. HANNA GELDRICH-LEFFMAN................................................. First Vice-President MR. CLEMENT D. ERHARDT.JR .................................................... Second Vice-President Miss ANNA K. von SCHWERDTNER............................................... Secretary DR. RANDALL P. DONALDSON ...................................................... Treasurer