Access Management Guidelines for the Urbanized Area April 2013 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 6 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO ACCESS MANAGEMENT ....................................................... 7 1.1 What is Access Management? .......................................................................................... 7 1.2 Relationships between Land Use and Transportation ........................................................... 7 1.3 Principles of Access Management ..................................................................................... 8 1.4 Benefits of Access Management ....................................................................................... 9 1.5 Effect of Access Management on Local Economy .............................................................. 10 SECTION 2: DEVELOPING REGIONAL ACCESS MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES ........................... 11 2.1 Purpose of Regional Access Management Guidelines ....................................................... 11 2.2 Roadway Functional Classification/Access Management Categories ................................... 11 2.3 Implementation of Access Management Guidelines .......................................................... 13 SECTION 3: ACCESS SPACING STANDARDS .......................................................................... 14 3.1 Intersection Functional Area ........................................................................................... 14 3.1.1 Concerns .............................................................................................................. 15 3.1.2 Benefits ................................................................................................................. 15 3.1.3 Guidelines............................................................................................................. 15 Example ......................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Signalized Access Spacing ............................................................................................. 19 3.2.1 Concerns .............................................................................................................. 20 3.2.2 Benefits ................................................................................................................. 20 3.2.3 Guidelines............................................................................................................. 20 Example ......................................................................................................................... 22 3.3 Unsignalized Access Spacing ......................................................................................... 23 3.3.1 Concerns .............................................................................................................. 23 3.3.2 Benefits ................................................................................................................. 24 3.3.3 Guidelines............................................................................................................. 24 Example ......................................................................................................................... 25 3.4 Driveway Corner Clearance ........................................................................................... 26 3.4.1 Concerns .............................................................................................................. 27 3.4.2 Benefits ................................................................................................................. 27 1 3.4.3 Guidelines............................................................................................................. 28 3.5 Driveway Spacing ......................................................................................................... 28 3.5.1 Concerns .............................................................................................................. 28 3.5.2 Benefits ................................................................................................................. 29 3.5.3 Guidelines............................................................................................................. 29 3.6 Median Opening Spacing ............................................................................................. 30 3.6.1 Concerns .............................................................................................................. 30 3.6.2 Benefits ................................................................................................................. 31 3.6.3 Comparison between Full and Directional Medians .................................................... 31 3.6.4 Guidelines............................................................................................................. 31 3.7 Summary of Access Spacing .......................................................................................... 32 SECTION 4: ACCESS DESIGN STANDARDS ............................................................................ 33 4.1 Intersection Sight Distance ............................................................................................. 33 4.1.1 Guidelines............................................................................................................. 35 Example ......................................................................................................................... 41 4.2 Driveway Geometrics .................................................................................................... 42 4.2.1 Driveway Alignment ................................................................................................ 42 4.2.2 Driveway Throat Width ............................................................................................ 43 4.2.3 Turning Radius ....................................................................................................... 43 4.2.4 Throat Length ........................................................................................................ 44 4.3 Median Design ............................................................................................................. 46 4.3.1 Median Type ......................................................................................................... 46 4.3.2 Selection of Median Type ........................................................................................ 47 4.3.3 Median Width ........................................................................................................ 48 4.3.4 Median Opening Length ......................................................................................... 49 4.4 Auxiliary Turn Lanes ...................................................................................................... 49 4.4.1 Guidelines............................................................................................................. 49 Example ......................................................................................................................... 54 4.5 Frontage and Backage Roads ........................................................................................ 55 4.5.1 Guidelines............................................................................................................. 55 SECTION 5: TRAFFIC IMPACT ANALYSIS (TIA) STUDIES ............................................................ 56 5.1 Need of a Traffic Impact Analysis ................................................................................... 57 2 5.2 TIA Elements ................................................................................................................ 57 5.3 Other Road Users ......................................................................................................... 60 SECTION 6: REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 62 3 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Relation between Land Use and Transportation ............................................................. 8 Figure 2: Relation between Land Access and Mobility ................................................................. 12 Figure 3: Physical Area versus Functional Area .......................................................................... 14 Figure 4: Upstream Minimum Functional Length ........................................................................ 16 Figure 5: Driveways within the Functional Area of the Intersection Race Street/Main Street .............. 19 Figure 6: Intersection Spacing ................................................................................................. 19 Figure 7: Prospect Avenue Corridor from Marketview Drive to Town Center Boulevard................... 23 Figure 8: Florida Avenue Corridor between Vine Street and Race Street ....................................... 26 Figure 9: Driveway Corner Clearance ..................................................................................... 27 Figure 10: Driveway Spacing .................................................................................................. 28 Figure 11: Directional Median ................................................................................................ 30 Figure 12: Full median