Commonwealth of Massachusetts Central Artery (I-93)/ Tunnel (I-90) Project Renewal of the Operating Certification of the Project Ventilation System Technical Support Document Final Report September 12, 2016 Prepared For Massachusetts Department of Transportation by TRC/WSP-Parsons Brinckerhoff 2016 CA/T Renewal of the Operating Certification of the Project Ventilation System Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................ I INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 PART I – VENTILATION SYSTEM – OPERATION AND EMISSION LIMITS 1 Description of Central Artery/Tunnel Project Ventilation Systems ............................................ 1–1 1.1 Ventilation System Design Criteria ........................................................................................................ 1–1 1.1.1 Full-Transverse Ventilation ........................................................................................................................... 1–3 1.1.1.1 System Description .................................................................................................................................. 1–3 1.1.2 Longitudinal Ventilation ............................................................................................................................. 1–12 1.1.2.1 Dewey Square Tunnel ............................................................................................................................ 1–12 1.1.2.2 Exit Ramps with Fresh-Air Supply and/or Jet Fan Ventilation .............................................................. 1–12 1.2 Feasible Emission Control Technologies ............................................................................................. 1–18 1.3 Tunnel Operating Conditions ............................................................................................................... 1–19 1.3.1 During Non emergency Operations ............................................................................................................. 1–19 1.3.2 During Emergencies .................................................................................................................................... 1–19 1.4 Ventilation System Physical Properties ................................................................................................ 1–20 1.4.1 Ventilation Building Dimensions and Ventilation Capacities ..................................................................... 1–20 1.4.2 Longitudinally Ventilated Tunnels Dimensions and Ventilation Capacities ............................................... 1–22 2 Determination of Emission Limits ............................................................................................. 2–25 2.1 Project Preconstruction Certification Acceptance Record ................................................................... 2–25 2.2 MassDEP Regulatory Requirements for Operating Certifications ....................................................... 2–26 2.3 Acceptance of Concentration–Based Emission Limits ......................................................................... 2–27 2.4 Acceptance of emission Limits Established in 2011/2012 Application ................................................. 2–28 2.5 2016 Renewal of Operating Certification Process ............................................................................... 2–28 2.5.1 PM2.5 Limits ................................................................................................................................................ 2–28 2.5.2 VOC Compliance ........................................................................................................................................ 2–29 2.5.3 CO and NO2 Limits ..................................................................................................................................... 2–29 2.5.4 2011-2013 Dewey Square Tunnel (DST) Monitoring Program .................................................................. 2–30 2.6 Technical Approach .............................................................................................................................. 2–32 2.6.1 Relevant Pollutants ...................................................................................................................................... 2–32 2.6.2 Averaging Times for Concentration-based Emission Limits for CO, NOx, and PM2.5 ................................ 2–32 2.6.3 Predictive Model for NOx Emission Estimates ........................................................................................... 2–32 2.6.4 NO to NO2 Conversion ............................................................................................................................... 2–34 2.6.5 Representative Surface and Upper Air Meteorological Data....................................................................... 2–36 2.6.6 Attainment Status of Project Area ............................................................................................................... 2–36 2.6.7 Background Concentration Levels .............................................................................................................. 2–36 2.6.8 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) .......................................................................................................... 2–39 2.7 Emission Limit Determination .............................................................................................................. 2–40 2.7.1 For Full Transverse Ventilation—Ventilation Buildings ............................................................................ 2–40 2.7.1.1 Determination of Ventilation Building Emission Impacts ..................................................................... 2–40 2.7.1.2 Modeling Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 2–41 2.7.1.3 PM2.5 Analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 2–50 2.7.1.4 CO and NO2 Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 2–52 2.7.1.5 CO and NOx Input Parameters and Modeling Results ........................................................................... 2–53 2.7.2 For Longitudinal Ventilation – Exit Ramps and DST .................................................................................. 2-58 2.7.2.1 Modeling Procedures to Determine the Impact of Exit Portal Emissions ............................................... 2-58 2.7.2.2 Use of Physical Simulation Data ............................................................................................................. 2-66 2.7.2.3 CO Analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 2-66 2.7.2.4 NO2 Analysis .......................................................................................................................................... 2-68 2.7.3 For The Longitudinally Ventilated Ramps affected by the Future Development of Parcels 6 and 12 .......... 2-71 2.7.3.1 The Proposed Design of Parcel Covers ................................................................................................... 2-71 2.7.3.2 Tunnel Ventilation System near Parcels 6 and 12 ................................................................................... 2-78 2.7.3.3 Emission Limits Modeling Approach ..................................................................................................... 2-78 2.7.3.4 CO Emission Limits for Covered Parcels ............................................................................................... 2-81 2.7.3.5 NOx Emission Limits for Covered Parcels ............................................................................................. 2-81 i 2016 CA/T Renewal of the Operating Certification of the Project Ventilation System 2.7.4 VOC Emission Limit Determination ............................................................................................................ 2-82 2.7.4.1 2011 Travel Demand Estimation Process ............................................................................................... 2-82 2.7.4.2 Procedures for 2011 VOC Analysis ........................................................................................................ 2-85 2.7.4.3 2011/12 VOC Analysis Results .............................................................................................................. 2-85 2.7.4.4 Ozone (O3) and VOC Suffolk County Historical Trends ........................................................................ 2-86 2.7.4.5 MOVES Emission Factors and Future Traffic Changes for Suffolk County Motor Vehicles ................. 2-88 2.7.5 VOC Compliance Demonstration................................................................................................................. 2-90 2.8 Proposed 2016-2021 Operating Emission Limits ................................................................................. 2-90 2.8.1 CO, NOx and PM2.5 .....................................................................................................................................