1 J. MARTIN WAGNER (Cal. Bar No. 190049) SARAH H. BURT (Cal. Bar No. 250378) 2 Earthjustice 3 50 California Street, Suite 500 San Francisco, CA 94111 4 Tel: (415) 217-2000 5 Fax: (415) 217-2040 6 Counsel for Plaintiffs Center for Biological Diversity, Turtle Island Restoration Network, Japan Environmental 7 Lawyers Federation, Save The Dugong Foundation, Anna Shimabukuro, Takuma 8 Higashionna, and Yoshikazu Makishi 9 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 10 FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 11 SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION 12 _____________________________________ 13 ) CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; ) 14 TURTLE ISLAND RESTORATION ) Civil Action No. C-03-4350 (MHP) NETWORK; JAPAN ENVIRONMENTAL ) 15 LAWYERS FEDERATION; SAVE THE ) FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL COMPLAINT DUGONG FOUNDATION; ANNA 16 ) FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE SHIMABUKURO1; TAKUMA ) RELIEF 17 HIGASHIONNA; and YOSHIKAZU ) MAKISHI, 18 ) (National Historic Preservation Act, 16 U.S.C. Plaintiffs, ) §§ 470 et seq.) 19 ) v. ) 20 ) 21 CHUCK HAGEL, in his official capacity as ) the Secretary of Defense; and U.S. Department ) 22 of Defense, ) ) 23 Defendants. ) 24 _____________________________________ 25 26 1 In previous proceedings, Ms. Shimabukuro was identified as Anna Koshiishi. Since the last 27 proceeding in this case, she has married and changed her family name from Koshiishi to 28 Shimabukuro. FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF No. C-03-4350 (MHP) -1- 1 INTRODUCTION 2 1. Plaintiffs, Japanese and American environmental groups and Japanese citizens 3 living near existing and proposed U.S. military bases in Okinawa, Japan, challenge the 4 Department of Defense’s (DoD) activities related to the relocation of portions of the U.S. Marine 5 Corps Air Station Futenma in Okinawa, Japan, to the proposed Futenma Relocation Facility 6 (FRF). The FRF is an airbase facility proposed to be built partially at Camp Schwab on Cape 7 Henoko and extending approximately 1800 meters into the adjacent waters of Henoko and Oura 8 Bays. This plan would destroy the most important remaining habitat of the Okinawa dugong, a 9 genetically isolated and unique population of dugong (a marine mammal) and a protected 10 cultural property under the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). DoD’s involvement in 11 the relocation project violates the NHPA, 16 U.S.C. §§ 470 et seq., and the Administrative 12 Procedure Act (APA), 5 U.S.C. §§ 701 et seq. 13 2. Specifically, Plaintiffs renew their assertion that DoD has failed to “take into 14 account the effect” of the FRF project on the Okinawa dugong “for purposes of avoiding or 15 mitigating any adverse effects,” as required by section 402 of the NHPA. 16 U.S.C. § 470a-2. 16 Previously in this case, this Court ruled that DoD failed to comply with section 402 as it relates 17 to the Okinawa dugong and the FRF proposal, and ordered DoD to comply with that obligation. 18 Okinawa Dugong v. Gates, 543 F. Supp. 2d 1082, 1112 (N.D. Cal. 2008) (hereinafter 2008 2 19 Order), Dkt. No. 119, at 45. On April 16, 2014, DoD notified this Court that it had issued “U.S. 20 Marine Corps Recommended Findings under section 402 of the [NHPA]” and had thereby 21 “completed the evaluation required by the Court’s January 28, 2008 Order.” Defendants’ Notice 22 of Completing NHPA Section 402 Findings, Dkt. No. 151. Plaintiffs now challenge these 23 Findings and DoD’s procedure for generating them as inadequate to meet the requirements of 24 NHPA section 402 and this Court’s 2008 Order. 25 26 2 In 2008, the Court held this case in abeyance, Dkt. No. 119 at 45, and in 2012 ordered the file 27 administratively closed and granted the parties leave to reopen proceedings by letter, without 28 necessity of a motion, Order Re Status, Dkt. No. 147 at 5, Feb. 2, 2012. FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF No. C-03-4350 (MHP) -2- 1 JURISDICTION 2 3. This Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331, as this action arises 3 under the laws of the United States. 4 4. An actual controversy exists between the parties within the meaning of 28 U.S.C. 5 § 2201(a). This Court may grant declaratory relief and additional relief, including an injunction, 6 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201, 2202, and 5 U.S.C. §§ 705, 706. 7 5. DoD’s failure to comply with the requirements of the NHPA, 16 U.S.C. § 470a-2, 8 is arbitrary, capricious, and without observance of procedures required by law pursuant to the 9 APA, and is thus subject to judicial review. 5 U.S.C. §§ 701-706. 10 VENUE AND INTRADISTRICT ASSIGNMENT 11 6. Venue lies in this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1391(e) because Plaintiff Turtle 12 Island Restoration Network (Turtle Island) resides in this judicial district. Turtle Island is 13 incorporated and has its principal place of business in Marin County. Additionally, Plaintiff 14 Center for Biological Diversity is incorporated in California and maintains an office in this 15 judicial district. 16 7. This case was assigned to the Honorable Marilyn Hall Patel, who has since 17 retired. Assignment to either the Oakland Division or the San Francisco Division of this Court is 18 proper under Civil Local Rule 3-2 (c)-(d) because Plaintiffs maintain offices in San Francisco 19 and Marin Counties. 20 PARTIES 3 21 8. Plaintiff CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (the Center) is a non-profit 22 environmental organization dedicated to protecting endangered species and wild places and 23 environmental health through science, policy, education, and environmental law. The Center is 24 actively involved in species and habitat protection issues throughout the United States and 25 26 3 This Court found that each of the plaintiffs listed herein has standing to challenge DoD’s failure 27 to comply with the NHPA regarding its activities related to the FRF. 2008 Order, Dkt. No. 119, 28 at 19. FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF No. C-03-4350 (MHP) -3- 1 abroad. The Center has more than 50,000 members and over 700,000 online activists. Center 2 members, including some who reside in Japan, regularly visit Okinawa to view the Okinawa 3 dugong and its imperiled habitat. These members maintain a strong educational, cultural, 4 scientific, and recreational interest in the Okinawa dugong. 5 9. Plaintiff TURTLE ISLAND RESTORATION NETWORK (“Turtle Island”) is a 6 non-profit corporation committed to the study, protection, enhancement, conservation, and 7 preservation of the world’s marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the wildlife that inhabit the 8 oceans, including marine mammals such as the Okinawa dugong. Turtle Island has 9 approximately 7,200 members throughout the world, including members in the United States and 10 Japan, research biologists, ecological and cultural tour operators, and professional photographers 11 and videographers, all of whom rely on healthy populations of marine mammals for personal 12 pleasure and for the conduct of their businesses, and more than 138,000 online activists and 13 supporters who follow and take action on its campaigns. Turtle Island members and staff 14 regularly visit and use the marine ecosystems of the world and anticipate visiting Okinawa 15 dugong habitat in the future for observation, research, aesthetic and cultural enjoyment, and for 16 other recreational, scientific, cultural and educational activities that require the continued 17 existence of the Okinawa dugong. 18 10. Plaintiff JAPAN ENVIRONMENTAL LAWYERS FEDERATION (JELF) is the 19 only non-profit, non-governmental lawyers’ organization in Japan dedicated to the protection of 20 Japan’s environment and Japan’s natural and cultural monuments. JELF was founded in 1996 in 21 Tokyo and currently has its office in Nagoya, Japan. JELF comprises approximately 540 22 members including 430 attorneys and academics. The members research, litigate, and lobby for 23 cultural and wildlife preservation and prevention of toxic contamination throughout Japan. 24 11. Plaintiff SAVE THE DUGONG FOUNDATION (SDF) is a non-profit 25 organization based in Okinawa, Japan, formed by Okinawa locals and their supporters in 1999. 26 Currently, SDF has about 19 members. SDF’s main goal is to protect the Okinawa dugong and 27 its habitat. To achieve this aim, members regularly conduct joint research with scientists and 28 local residents and study the Okinawa dugong and its habitat. In the course of this research, and FIRST SUPPLEMENTAL COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF No. C-03-4350 (MHP) -4- 1 as part of their daily lives, members routinely visit Okinawa dugong habitat to study the 2 Okinawa dugong. To advocate the importance of conserving dugongs, SDF has also participated 3 in the general meeting of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural 4 Resources (IUCN), an international environmental organization comprising members from over 5 140 countries. SDF has also organized numerous symposia on dugong conservation and local 6 community empowerment. 7 12. Plaintiff ANNA SHIMABUKURO grew up in Nago City, approximately seven 8 miles from the site of the proposed FRF. She still lives in Nago City. Since 1999, Ms. 9 Shimabukuro has professionally led regular eco-tours to Okinawa dugong habitat, on which she 10 depends for her livelihood and for cultural, aesthetic, and recreational enjoyment. Ms. 11 Shimabukuro plans to continue visiting and earning a living in this habitat for the duration of her 12 career, as many of her clients visit Okinawa seeking to experience the cultural and natural history 13 of the Okinawa dugong first-hand. 14 13. Plaintiff TAKUMA HIGASHIONNA was born, raised, and has lived most of his 15 life in Sedake, Okinawa, close to the Okinawa dugong habitat off the coast of Henoko that is 16 threatened by the FRF proposal.