Statlig program for forurensningsovervåking Rapportnr. 1107/2011 TA RIVERINE INPUTS AND DIRECT DISCHARGES 2856 TO NORWEGIAN COASTAL WATERS – 2010 2011 Utført av Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2010 (TA-2856/2011) 2 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2010 (TA-2856/2011) Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters – 2010 3 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2010 (TA-2856/2011) 4 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2010 (TA-2856/2011) Norwegian Institute for Water Research – an institute in the Environmental Research Alliance of Norway REPORT Main Office Regional Office, Sørlandet Regional Office, Østlandet Regional Office, Vestlandet Regional Office Central Gaustadalléen 21 Jon Lilletuns vei 3 Sandvikaveien 41 Thormølensgt. 53 D Pirsenteret, Havnegt. 9 NO-0349 Oslo, Norway NO-4879 Grimstad, Norway NO-2312 Ottestad, Norway NO-5006 Bergen, Norway NO-7462 Trondheim Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Telefax (47) 22 18 52 00 Telefax (47) 37 04 45 13 Telefax (47) 62 57 66 53 Telefax (47) 55 31 22 14 Telefax (47) 73 54 63 87 Internet: www.niva.no Title Serial No. Date Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian 6225-2011 November 2011 coastal waters – 2010 Pages Price Report No. Sub-No. (NIVA-Rapport 6225-2011) TA-2856/2011 68 + Appendices and SPFO – 1107/2011 Addendum Author(s) Topic group Distribution Eva Skarbøvik (Bioforsk), Per Stålnacke (Bioforsk), Øyvind Kaste Monitoring Open (NIVA), John Rune Selvik (NIVA), Torulv Tjomsland (NIVA), Tore Høgåsen (NIVA) and Stein Beldring (NVE). Geographical area Printed Norway NIVA Client(s) Client ref. Climate and Pollution Agency (Klif) Pål Inge Hals Abstract Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters in 2010 have been estimated in accordance with the requirements of the OSPAR Commission. With a few exceptions, riverine inputs of nutrients decreased in 2010 as compared to 2009, mainly due to reduced water discharges. Analyses of long-term (1990-2010) trends indicate that nutrient loads have decreased in several of the main rivers. Fish farming continues to be a major source of nutrients to coastal waters. In terms of metals, there was a significant reduction of riverine loads of mercury, and also reductions of zinc and copper, whereas nickel loads increased slightly. Copper discharges from fish farming could not be calculated due to late data deliveries. For the entire period of 1990-2010, riverine metal loads of zinc, copper and lead have been reduced. Inputs of PCBs and the pesticide lindane were, as in former years, insignificant. 4 keywords, Norwegian 4 keywords, English 1. Elvetilførsler 1. Riverine inputs 2. Direkte tilførsler 2. Direct discharges 3. Norske kystområder 3. Norwegian coastal waters 4. Overvåking 4. Monitoring Øyvind Kaste Øyvind Kaste Brit Lisa Skjelkvåle Project manager Research manager Research director ISBN 978-82-577-5960-5 5 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2010 (TA-2856/2011) 6 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2010 (TA-2856/2011) Preface This report presents the results of the 2010 monitoring of riverine and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters (RID). The monitoring is part of a joint monitoring programme under the “OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North- East Atlantic”. The Norwegian contribution for 2010 has been administered first by Christine Daae Olseng (untill 1 July 2011) and then by Pål Inge Hals, both at Klif (the Climate and Pollution Agency). Klif has commissioned the Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), the Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research (Bioforsk) and the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) to organise and carry out the monitoring, undertake the analyses and report the results. At NIVA, Øyvind Kaste has co-ordinated the RID programme in 2010. Other co-workers at NIVA include John Rune Selvik and Torulv Tjomsland (direct discharges and modelling with TEOTIL), Tore Høgåsen (databases, calculation of riverine loads), Liv Bente Skancke (quality assurance of chemical sampling/analyses) and Bente Lauritzen (contact person at NIVAlab). At Bioforsk, Eva Skarbøvik has been the main responsible for the 2010 reporting, including comparisons between 2010 and 2009. Per Stålnacke has carried out and reported the statistical trend analyses with the assistance of Annelene Pengerud. At NVE, Trine Fjeldstad has been responsible for the local sampling programmes, Stein Beldring has carried out the hydrological modelling, and Erlend Moe has been the administrative contact. Overall quality assurance of the annual report has been carried out by Kari Austnes, NIVA. The sampling has been performed by several fieldworkers; their names are given in Appendix II. Sub-contractors and data sources include the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (met.no) for precipitation and temperature data; Statistics Norway (SSB) for effluents from wastewater treatment plants with a connection of > 50 p.e. (person equivalents); the Climate and Pollution Agency (Klif) for data on effluents from industrial plants; the Directorate of Fisheries (Fdir) for data on fish farming. Oslo, November 2011 Øyvind Kaste Project co-ordinator 7 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2010 (TA-2856/2011) 8 Riverine inputs and direct discharges to Norwegian coastal waters - 2010 (TA-2856/2011) Content Summary ................................................................................................................................. 11 Sammendrag ........................................................................................................................... 13 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 15 1.1 The RID Programme .................................................................................................. 15 1.2 Riverine inputs, direct discharges and unmonitored areas ......................................... 16 1.3 Outline of the 2010 RID Report ................................................................................. 17 2. Materials and methods ............................................................................................ 21 2.1 Selection of RID Rivers ............................................................................................. 21 2.2 Water sampling methodology .................................................................................... 21 2.3 Chemical parameters – detection limits and analytical methods ............................... 23 2.4 Quality assurance and direct on-line access to data ................................................... 26 2.5 Water discharge and hydrological modelling ............................................................ 26 2.6 Calculating riverine loads .......................................................................................... 27 2.7 Direct discharges to the sea ........................................................................................ 28 2.8 Statistical methodology for trends in riverine inputs ................................................. 33 3. Results ....................................................................................................................... 35 3.1 Climatic conditions in 2010 ....................................................................................... 35 3.2 Water discharges in 2010 ........................................................................................... 36 3.3 Total nutrient and particle inputs in 2010 .................................................................. 39 3.4 Total metal inputs in 2010 ......................................................................................... 43 3.5 Total lindane and PCB7 inputs in 2010 ..................................................................... 45 4. Discussion .................................................................................................................. 47 4.1 Comparison of riverine inputs in 2009 and 2010 ....................................................... 47 4.2 Comparison of direct discharges in 2009 and 2010 ................................................... 49 4.3 Long-term trends in loads in main rivers 1990-2010 ................................................. 51 4.3.2 Overview of trend results for water discharge, nutrients and particulate matter ....... 52 4.3.3 Trends in water discharge .......................................................................................... 52 4.3.4 Trends in nutrient loads .............................................................................................. 53 4.3.5 Trends in metal loads ................................................................................................. 57 4.3.6 Trends in loads of PCB7 and lindane ......................................................................... 64 4.3.7 Overview of trends in riverine loads .......................................................................... 64 5. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 65 6. References ................................................................................................................