IAEA-TECDOC-527 NEW TREND DEVELOPMENTD SAN S IN RADIATION CHEMISTRY PROCEEDINGS OF AN ADVISORY GROUP MEETING ORGANIZED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY AND HELD IN BOLOGNA, ITALY, 14-17 NOVEMBER 1988 A TECHNICAL DOCUMENT ISSUED BY THE INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1989 TRENDW NE DEVELOPMENTD SAN RADIATION SI N CHEMISTRY IAEA, VIENNA, 1989 IAEA-TECDOC-527 ISSN 1011-4289 Printed by the IAEA in Austria October 1989 The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copie f thesso e reportobtainee b n sca d from INIS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse5 P.O. Box 100 A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders shoul accompaniee db prepaymeny db f Austriao t n Schillings 100,- in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons orderee whicb y hdma separately fro e INImth S Clearinghouse. FOREWORD Radiation chemistry is a branch of chemistry that studies chemical transformations in materials exposed to high-energy radiations. It uses radiation as the initiator of chemical reactions. Practical application radiatiof so n chemistry today exten mano t d y fields, including health care, food agriculturean d , manufacturingd ,an telecommunications. Relativel peoplw yrangfe e e awar th e ar f eo f eo contributions from this largely hidden branc sciencef ho . e importanTh t advantag radiatiof eo n chemistr yabilits it e lieb n o i st y used to produce, and study, almost any reactive atomic and molecular species playing a part in chemical reactions, synthesis, industrial processes, or in biological systems e techniqueTh . applicable sar gaseouso et , liquid, solid, and heterogeneous systems combininy B . g different technique radiatiof so n chemistry with analytical chemistry reactioe ,th n mechanis kineticd man f so chemical reactions are studied. In November 1988 in Bologna, Italy, the IAEA convened an advisory group meeting to assess new trends and developments in radiation chemistry. Radiation chemists from Austria, Canada, China, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany, France, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, India, Israel, Italy Japan, Netherlands, Poland, United Kingdom, United States USSd ,an R attended the meeting. The present publication includes most of the contributions presented at meetinge believes th i t I . d that this publication will provid usefuea l overvie presenf wo t activitie w trendne researcd f so san radiation hi n chemistry promoto t d ,an e better understandin potentiaf go l contributionf so radiation chemistry to other fields of knowledge as well as to practical applications. EDITORIAL NOTE In preparing this material press,the for staff Internationalofthe Atomic Energy Agency have mounted and paginated the original manuscripts as submitted by the authors and given some attention presentation.the to The views expressed in the papers, the statements made and the general style adopted are the responsibility namedofthe authors. necessarilyviewsnot The do reflect those governments ofthe Memberofthe States organizationsor under whose auspices manuscriptsthe were produced. The use in this book of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement publisher,the legalby the IAEA, to the status as of such countries territories,or of their authorities institutions delimitationand the of or theirof boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of their products or brand names does not imply any endorsement recommendationor IAEA. partthe the of on Authors themselvesare responsible obtainingfor necessarythe permission reproduceto copyright material from other sources. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................7 . V. Markovic RESEARCH PAPERS Pulse radiolysis, a method of choice for the fast kineticist — past, present and future .......... 13 Sonntagvon C. New applications of pulse radiolysis in general chemistry ............................................. 23 A.K. Pikaev, S.A. Kabakchi, I.E. Makarov, A.V. Gogolev From radiation chemistry to energetics via photoelectrochemistry — electron hydroged an s n atom liquidn i s s ...............................................................3 4 . SchillerR. Assessment of the radiation chemistry of water and aqueous solutions at elevated temperatures ......................................................................................1 5 . G.V. Buxton Current status of radiation chemical studies with heavy ions .......................................... 69 R.H. Schuler, J.A. LaVeme Solid state pulse radiolysis ...................................................................................9 7 . Z.P. Zagorski Immobilizatio asparaginasf no radiation ei n cured, thermally reversible hydrogels ...............9 8 . Méchain,B. Yanhui Sun, HoffmanA. Some aspects of radiation chemistry of epoxies .......................................................... 97 Singh,A. C.B. Sounders, A.A. Carmichael, V.J. Lopata The radiation chemistry of connective tissue; hyaluronic acid ......................................... 105 P. Myint, D.J. Deeble, G.O. Phillips The use of polymers for solar photochemistry. Application of ionizing radiation methods for the binding of functional groups to polymers ..................................................... 117 . Rabani/ REVIEW PAPERS Recent developments in radiation chemistry at IRI-TU Delft .......................................... 129 HummelA. New developments in radiation chemistry applications in Japan ...................................... 141 5. Machi General surve f radiatioyo n chemistr Francn yi e ........................................................7 14 . L. Gilles Concepts of radiation research in the German Democratic Republic ................................. 157 J.W. Leonhardt Radiation chemistry at Harwell .............................................................................. 165 W.G. Burns An overview of some basic and applied radiation chemistry studies at Trombay .................. 171 P.N. Moorthy Radiation chemistry in China ................................................................................. 185 GuanghuiWu, Man Wang SUMMARIES Intramolecular long range electron transfer reaction peptiden i s proteind san s ....................5 19 . Faraggi,M. M.H. Klapper role f sulphueTh o r compound affectinn i s g radiation response: molecular aspects ..............9 19 . TombaM. Some implication f studieso f electronso visualizatioe fluidn th si r fo s n of quantum mechanics .....................................................................................3 20 . G.R. Freeman Advancements of radiation induced degradation of pollutants in drinking and waste water .............................................................................................. 207 N. Getoff The radiolysis of aqueous solutions of glycosides ........................................................211 Rongyao Yuan, Jüan Wu Using multi-effects of chemical scavengers to study the radiolysis of cyclohexane-4-methyl-4-phenyl-2-pentanone system and cyclohexane-tributyl-phosphate system .................................................................. 213 Zhang,Nan JüanWu crystallizatioe Th n kinetic f irradiateso d polypropylene with additives ...............................215 Wenxiu Chen, Shui Yu SPECIAL TOPIC Radiation chemistry in flue gases ............................................................................ 219 F. Busi Lis f Participanto t s ............................................................................................9 23 . INTRODUCTION V. MARKOVIC Industrial Application Chemistrd san y Section Divisio f Physicano Chemicad an l l Sciences International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna I. BACKGROUND presentatione Th discussiond san thif so s advisory group meeting show that fundamental knowledge gained by radiation chemical methods is contributing in an increasingly important way to many and diverse areas of basic and applied chemistry, biology and physical chemistry. Of particular importance has been the development over the last two decades of a variety of pulse radiolysis techniques whic mads hha e availabl considerablea e amounf to kinetic and structural information on free radicals which is not readily available from other approaches. For example, a recent compilation [G.B. Buxton, C.L. Greenstock, W.P. Helman, A.B. Ross, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. 3 (1988)Data51 , ratf ,17 ]o e informatio reactione th n no hydratef so d electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radical lists ~ 3500 rate constants, almost all of which have been determined by radiation chemical methods. This rate information is extremely important to researchers interested in the application of radiation from environmental to biological problems, particularly to radiation therapy, and in modeling problems in radiation chemical processin reactod gan r technology. e fundamentaTh l knowledg radiatiof eo n chemistry foun numbea d f ro different applications in industry. Particular interest of industry has been in radiation modificatio polymerf no differenr sfo t uses. Radiation sterilizatio medicaf no l product pharmaceuticald san largels si ye baseth n o d knowledge and data provided by radiation chemistry. New developments in biomédical applications have recently occurred. Radiation chemistry of gases has become the subject of increasing interest due to potential use of radiation processing for removal of toxic components in flue gases. New development e likelsar