Frontiers in the Roman World Ted Kaizer and Olivier Hekster - 978-90-04-21503-0 Downloaded from Brill.com05/13/2019 06:30:31AM via free access Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire géza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 13 Ted Kaizer and Olivier Hekster - 978-90-04-21503-0 Downloaded from Brill.com05/13/2019 06:30:31AM via free access Frontiers in the Roman World Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Durham, 16–19 April 2009) Edited by Olivier Hekster and Ted Kaizer LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 Ted Kaizer and Olivier Hekster - 978-90-04-21503-0 Downloaded from Brill.com05/13/2019 06:30:31AM via free access This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Impact of Empire (Organization). Workshop (9th : 2009 : Durham, England) Frontiers in the Roman world : proceedings of the ninth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Durham, 16-19 April 2009) / edited by Olivier Hekster and Ted Kaizer. p. cm. – (Impact of empire, ISSN 1572-0500 ; v. 13) Includes bibliographical references and index. English, French, and German. ISBN 978-90-04-20119-4 (hardback) 1. Rome–Boundaries–History–Congresses. 2. Roman provinces–History–Congresses. I. Hekster, Olivier. II. Kaizer, Ted III. Title. IV. Series: Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, c. 200 B.C.-A.D. 476) (Series) ; v. 13. DG59.A2.I47 2011 937'.06–dc22 2011009937 ISSN 1572-0500 ISBN 978 90 04 20119 4 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. 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Ted Kaizer and Olivier Hekster - 978-90-04-21503-0 Downloaded from Brill.com05/13/2019 06:30:31AM via free access CONTENTS Preface ................................................................. vii Fines Provinciae ........................................................ 1 John Richardson The Limits of Empire in the Res Gestae of Ammianus Marcellinus . 13 Jan Willem Drijvers Penserlalimite:delacitéauterritoireimpérial...................... 31 Stéphane Benoist Drawing the Line: An Archaeological Methodology for Detecting RomanProvincialBorders.......................................... 49 Kate da Costa On theFringe: Trade and Taxation in theEgyptian EasternDesert 61 Dario Nappo and Andrea Zerbini Contextualizing Hadrian’s Wall: The Wall as ‘Debatable Lands’ . 79 Richard Hingley and Rich Hartis Recherche sur les frontières de l’afrique romaine: espaces mobiles etreprésentations................................................... 97 Arbia Hilali Rom jenseits der Grenze: Klientelkönigreiche und der Impact of Empire ............................................................... 113 Günther Schörner The Frontiers of Graeco-Roman Religions: Greeks and Non-GreeksfromaReligiousPointofView....................... 133 Elena Muñiz Grijalvo Arx aeternae dominationis:EmperorWorshipRitualsinthe ConstructionofaRomanReligiousFrontier ...................... 149 Fernando Lozano ReligiousFrontiersintheSyrian-MesopotamianDesert............. 157 Lucinda Dirven Ted Kaizer and Olivier Hekster - 978-90-04-21503-0 Downloaded from Brill.com05/13/2019 06:30:31AM via free access vi contents A Fine Line? Catholics and Donatists in Roman North Africa . 175 Alexander Evers Zwischen Italien und den ‚Barbaren‘: Das Werden neuer politischer und administrativer Grenzen in caesarisch-augusteischerZeit....................................... 199 Karl Strobel The New Frontiers of Late Antiquity in the Near East. From DiocletiantoJustinian.............................................. 233 Ariel S. Lewin Reducing Senatorial Control over Provincial Commanders: A ForgottenGabinianLawofbce ................................. 265 Frederik J. Vervaet The ‘Ultimate Frontier’: War, Terror and the Greek Poleis between MithridatesandRome.............................................. 291 Toni Ñaco del Hoyo, Borja Antela-Bernárdez, Isaías Arrayás-Morales, Salvador Busquets-Artigas Les Bataves au centre et à la périphérie de l’Empire: quelques hypothèsessurlesoriginesdelarévoltede–................. 305 Pierre Cosme The Practice of Hospitium ontheRomanFrontier ................... 321 John Nicols Resident Aliens and Translocal Merchant Collegia in the Roman Empire............................................................... 335 Koen Verboven The Impact of Women’s Travels on Military Imagery in the Julio-ClaudianPeriod............................................... 349 Lien Foubert Index................................................................... 363 Ted Kaizer and Olivier Hekster - 978-90-04-21503-0 Downloaded from Brill.com05/13/2019 06:30:31AM via free access PREFACE Olivier Hekster & Ted Kaizer The Roman Empire, even if it purported to be imperium sine fine,cer- tainly had frontiers. By no means all of them, however, were at the outer limits of the realm. The vast and heterogeneous Roman world knew many different types of frontiers, between one province (or indeed one town) and the next, between the Empire and its so-called ‘client kingdoms’, but also at different levels within the realm. Frontiers could exist as physi- cal boundaries, but there were also religious and cultural, administrative and economic, and ideological frontiers. Indeed, individuals within the Empire continuously crossed frontiers, switching between multiple iden- tities such as their being Roman, inhabitant of a town, or member of a specific people. The different ways in which the Roman Empire created, changed and influenced perceptions of frontiers formed the subject of the Ninth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Em- pire, bc–ad), which was held at Durham University from to April . Neither the workshop nor these proceedings have taken a strict line as to how to define ‘frontiers’. Rather, we hope that the assem- bled articles within this volume illustrate a variety of available approaches and concepts related to ‘Roman frontiers’, going beyond the narrow geo- graphical sense. The volume opens with an introductory section within which the mean- ing of the terms ‘frontier’ and limes, within the context of the empire and the city of Rome, are placed to the fore over a longer period of time. Thus, the paper by John Richardson (Edinburgh University) deals with the changes that took place over time in how fines provinciae were conceived, from the boundaries on the power of Roman magistrates to actual bor- ders of provincial territory, changes which he suggests have not to do with issues of language only, but also with developments in mentality. Like- wise, through his careful analysis of the use of limes in Ammianus Mar- cellinus, Jan Willem Drijvers (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen) distinguishes a range of (changing) meanings for the word, in the process noting how Ted Kaizer and Olivier Hekster - 978-90-04-21503-0 Downloaded from Brill.com05/13/2019 06:30:31AM via free access viii preface Ammianus recognised the frontier region as a contact zone between dif- ferent cultures; a notion to which several other authors return. Finally, Stéphane Benoist (Université Charles-de-Gaulle-Lille III) reflects upon the changing notions of the relationship between the city of Rome and her territory, and the way in which this Empire could be ruled, from the last century of the Republic all the way until the fifth and sixth centuries ad. Again, changing vocabulary denoted changing mentalities, showing developments in how the temporal and spatial limits of Rome were per- ceived over time. A second section looks at the consequences of the presence of Roman (provincial) borders for those living near these frontiers. Indeed, Kate da Costa (University of Sydney) argues that traces of such consequences can be of the utmost importance in defining the spatial limits of territorial provinces. Distortions in distribution patterns of local ceramics, in her view, may well have been caused by customs duty on provincial borders, which would have made it uneconomical to import local ceramics from across borders. By carefully analyzing these patterns, then, one can map the locations of provincial borders. Trade and distribution are also central to the contribution by Dario Nappo (Università di Napoli Federico II & University