PB-249-530 MANAGEMENT OF DATA ELEMENTS IN INFORMATION PROCESSING U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards SECOND NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS GAITHERSBURG, MARYLAND 1975 OCTOBER 23-24 Available by purchase from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Va. 221 Price: $9.25 hardcopy; $2.25 microfiche. National Technical Information Service U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PB-249-530 Management of Data Elements in Information Processing Proceedings of a Second Symposium Sponsored by the American National Standards Institute and by The National Bureau of Standards 1975 October 23-24 NBS, Gaithersburg, Maryland Hazel E. McEwen, Editor Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Elliot L. Richardson, Secrefary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Acfing Direc/or Table of Contents Page Introduction to the Program of the Second National Symposium on The Management of Data Elements in Information Processing ix David V. Savidge, Program Chairman On-Line Tactical Data Inputting: Research in Operator Training and Performance 1 Irving Alderman, Ph.D. "Turning the Corner" on MIS, A Proposed Program of Data Standards in Post-Secondary Education 9 Donald R. Arnold, Ph.D. ASCII - The Data Alphabet That Will Endure 17 Robert W. Bemer Techniques in Developing Standard Procedures for Data Editing 23 George W. Covill An Adaptive File Management Systems 45 Dennis L. Dance and Udo W. Pooch (Given by Dance) A Focus on the Role of the Data Manager 57 Ruth M, Davis, Ph.D. A Proposed Standard Routine for Generating Proposed Standard Check Characters 61 Paul -Andre Desjardins Methodology for Development of Standard Data Elements within Multiple Public Agencies 69 L. D. England, S. L. Eberle, B. H. Schiff and A. S. Huffman (Given by England) The Role of the Internal Auditor in Data Management 77 Richard H. Fahnline Semantic Coding and Data Element Characterization in Medical Computing 83 E. R. Gabrieli, M.D., F.C.A.P. Principles and Concepts of Data Resource Management System Development 91 Aaron Hochman Papers are sequenced by name of author. i The Design of Data Elements: A Data Base Perspective M. A. Huffenberger A Challenging Aspect of Word Processing Victor G. Kehler Data Element Lexicon Needs A New Home Richard J. Kirkbride Check Characters and the "Self-Checking String" -- What, Where, Why, When and How J. R. Kraska, J. R. Nelson and E. Hellerman (Given by Kraska and Hellerman) The Standards Implications of the Developing Inter- relationships Between On-Line Bibliographic Retrieval, Data Manipulation and Micrographics Display Robert M. Landau Product Coding-One Number from Maker to User John T. Langan Development of a Data Dictionary/Directory Using a Data Base Management System E. K. C. Lee and E. Y. S. Lee Systems Design Considerations for the U.S. Army Materiel Command (AMC) Data Element Dictionary/Directory System Fernando Puente A Data Element Directory for a State Motor Vehicles Agency John Roberts An Integrated Dictionary for Systems and Data Components Curg Shields An Information Documentation Language: A Framework for Deriving Information from Data William M. Taggart, Jr. International Standards for Data Transmission V. N. Vaughan, Jr. An Information Management View of Data Management Marvin G. Wall is Data Standardization Harry S. White, Jr. ii . - Data Element Analysis and Use of a Relational Data Base Structure for Mapping Bibliographic and Numeric Data Bases 237 Martha E. Williams, Scott Preece and Sandra Rouse (Given by Williams) Status of the Army Materiel Command's Progression from Reports Control to Data Element Management . 253 Edith F. Young Appendix A - Participants 257 FOREWORD The National Bureau of Standards has been active in the field of computer standards since the early 1960's. In 1973, the President by Executive Order assigned primary responsibilities for data standards to the Secretary of Commerce. NBS has been assigned the responsibility by the Secretary of Commerce for providing administrative and technical support for the Federal wide data standards program (Part 6 of Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations) The Symposium on the Management of Data Elements in Information Processing was held at the Gaithersburg Laboratories of NBS on October 23 and 24, 1975 and was jointly sponsored by NBS and the American National Standards Institute Committee X3L8 on the Standardization of the Representation of Data Elements. David V. Savidge served as the general chairperson of the symposium and Hazel E. McEwen was the arrangements chairperson. Three hundred and twenty- eight professionals attended from twenty-nine states and two foreign countries. Twenty-six technical papers were summarized in the oral presentations given. The Bureau is pleased to have the opportunity of making the full text of the papers presented at the symposium available in these proceedings. We feel that these are representative of the state-of-the-art of current data manage- ment practices and should provide a useful base for further activities in this important field. However, it must be stressed that the responsibility for the content of the papers provided in these proceedings rests with the individual authors and their organizations and do not reflect endorsement by the National Bureau of Standards. Harry S. White, Jr. Associate Director for ADP Standards Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, NBS iii i i i i i INDEX OF KEY WORDS AND PHRASES TO AUTHORS' NAMES ADAPTIVE FILE MANAGEMENT - Dance/Pooch ALPHABET - Bemer AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS - White AMERICAN STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE (ASCII) - Bemer APPLICATIONS - Hochman ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND (AMC) - Young ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE - Gabriel BIBLIOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS - Landau CCITT (abbrev. for French words meaning Telegraph and Telephone International Consultative Committee) - Vaughan CENTRAL SYSTEM DESIGN AGENCY (CSDA) - Puente CHANGE CONTROL - Hochman CHARACTER - Bemer CHECK CHARACTER(S) - Desjardins; Kraska/Nel son/Hel lerman CHECK DIGIT - Desjardins CLASSIFICATION - Kraska/Nel son/Hel lerman COMMON BUSINESS ORIENTED LANGUAGE (COBOL) ROUTINE - Desjardins CODE - Bemer; Desjardins; Vaughan CODING - Gabriel COGNITIVE MEMORY - Gabriel COMMODITY COMMAND STANDARD SYSTEM (CCSS) - Puente COMMUNICATIONS - Kehler COMPUTER FACILITY MANAGER - Davis COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY - Alderman COMPUTEROUTPUTMICROFORM (COM) - Kehler CONFIDENTIALITY - Gabriel COPY LIBRARY - Puente COST/BENEFIT - Kraska/Nel son/Hel 1 erman DATA - Landau; Shields; White DATA BASE - Huffenberger ; Will iams/Preece/Rouse DATA BASE CONCEPT - Huffenberger DATA BASE MANAGEMENT - Davis; Lee/Lee DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) - Huffenberger; Lee/Lee DATA BASE MANAGER (DBM) - Huffenberger DATA CHARACTERIZATION - Gabriel DATA DEFINITION - Lee/Lee; Taggart DATA DICTIONARY - Lee/Lee; Shields DATA DICTIONARY/DIRECTORY (DD/D) - Huffenberger DATA DIRECTORY - Lee/Lee; Puente DATA ELEMENT (S) - Alderman; Huffenberger; Kirkbride; Lee/Lee; Roberts; Taggart; White DATA ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS - Young DATA ELEMENT DESCRIPTIONS - Roberts DATA ELEMENT DICTIONARY (DED) - England/Eberle/Schiff/Huffman; Puente; Roberts; Young DATA ELEMENT LEXICON (DELEX) SYSTEM - Kirkbride DATA ELEMENT MANAGEMENT - Wall is; Young DATA ELEMENT MANAGEMENT BASE FILES - Young iv DATA ELEMENT MAPPING - Wi 11 iams/Preece/Rouse DATA ELEMENT MATRIX ANALYSIS - Young DATA ELEMENT STANDARDIZATION - England/Eberle/Schiff/Huffman; Hochman; Young DATA ENTRY - Alderman DATA FIELDS - Hochman DATA INDEPENDENCE - Huffenberger DATA INPUTTING - Alderman DATA INTEGRITY - Huffenberger DATA INTERCHANGE - Taggart DATA ITEM - Taggart DATA KEY VALIDATION - Kraska/Nel son/Hel 1 erman DATA MANAGEMENT - Fahnline; Shields; Wallis; White DATA MANAGER - Davis DATA RELATIONSHIP - Hochman DATA REPRESENTATION - Hochman DATA RESOURCE MANAGEMENT - Hochman DATA STANDARDIZATION - White DATA STANDARDS - Arnold; Taggart; White DATA STANDARDS IN PUBLIC AGENCIES - England/Eberle/Schiff/Huffman DATA STRUCTURE - Lee/Lee DATA SYSTEM - Lee/Lee DATA TRANSMISSION - Vaughan DECISION MAKING - Taggart DEFENSE COMMUNICATIONS AGENCY - Kirkbride DEFINITION INFORMATION - Roberts DOCUMENTATION - Covill; Huffenberger DOCUMENTS - Hochman ECONOMICS - Landau EFFECTIVENESS - Taggart EFFICIENCY - Kraska/Nel son/Hel 1 erman ERROR-DETECTING - Desjardins EXPLANATORY TEXT - Roberts FEDERAL GENERAL STANDARDS - White FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING STANDARDS - White FEDERAL PROGRAM STANDARDS - White FEDERAL STANDARD - Lee/Lee FILE GUIDE - Puente FILE WORKING SET - Dance/Pooch FILES - Hochman FILES INVENTORY - Roberts FORMATS - Hochman FORMS - Hochman FORTRAN - Kraska/Nel son/Hell erman HIERARCHIAL FILE STRUCTURE - Dance/Pooch HIGHER EDUCATION GENERAL INFORMATION SURVEY (HEGIS) - Arnold HUMAN FACTORS - Alderman HUMAN PERFORMANCE - Alderman HUMAN RELIABILITY - Alderman IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION - Roberts INFORMATION - Shields INFORMATION COMPOSITION - Kehler INFORMATION DEFINITION - Taggart INFORMATION DISPOSITION - Kehler INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION - Kehler V i i i i i i i INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION LANGUAGE - Taggart INFORMATION ELEMENT - Taggart INFORMATION FLOW - Wall is INFORMATION INTERCHANGE - Taggart INFORMATION ITEM - Taggart INFORMATION MANAGEMENT - Wall is INFORMATION ORGANIZATION - Landau INFORMATION REPRODUCTION - Kehler INFORMATION RETRIEVAL - Kehler INFORMATION STANDARDS - Taggart INFORMATION STORAGE - Kehler INFORMATION SYNTAX - Taggart