SPECIAL ISSUE Vol. 63 No. 12 Pages 76 October 2015 20 Khadi - Fabric of Rural Employment Start-Ups in Rural India The Monthly Journal Gandhiji’s Vision on Sanitation Dairy Development: Gearing up Production Kurukshetra MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT Khadiand Vol. 63 No. 12 Pages 76 Rural Employment October 2015 CHIEF EDITOR DEEPIKA KaCHHAL CONTENTS Khadi - Fabric of Freedom to Fabric of EditorS R. K. Pillai Rural Employment Ganesh N 5 KUNAL V. SHINDE Mahatma Gandhi and Khadi Ravi Shankar 9 JOINT Director (ProdUCTIOn) Khadi: Fabric for Making Soft Sudarshan Iyengar & VINOD Kumar MEENA ‘Handprint’ on Mother Earth Nimisha Shukla 13 COVER DESIGN Gandhiji's Vision on Sanitation Dr John Chelladurai 17 ASHA SAXENA Start-Ups In Rural India to Trigger EDITORIAL OFFICE Employment Boom Deepak Razdan 22 ROOM NO. 686, Publications Division, Factors Influencing Demand Bharati Sahu & Soochna Bhawan, for Rural Labour Under MgnregA Dr. Joseph Abraham 26 C.G.O. Complex, Lodhi Road, NEW DELHI-110003 Employment Avenues Phone : 011-24362859 in Beekeeping and Fishery Vijay Gaikwad 31 E-MAIL : [email protected] Scope for Second Green Revolution Ratnajyoti Dutta 36 FOR SUBSCRIPTION ENQUIRIES, Dairy Development : RENEWALS AND AGENCY INFORMATION Gearing Up Production and Productivity Dhurjati Mukherjee 40 PLEASE CONTACT: Terracotta: The Age-Old Handicraft Hena Naqvi 43 JOURNAL UNIT, publications DIVISION Payments Banks: ministry OF I & B, ROOM NO. 48-53, The Last mile Connectivity Puzzle B.K. Rajaram 47 SOOCHNA bhawan, CGO COMPLEX, LODHI ROAD, NEW DELHI-110 003 Impact of falling oil prices on rural economy Kailash Rajwadkar 50 Tele : 24367453 Impact of Modern Technology on Dr. Shailendra Bhushan Sharma & Fax: 24365610 Agricultural Productivity Dr. Babita Chaudhary 54 E-MAIL : [email protected] WEBSITE : publicationsdivision.nic.in Elegant & Colourful Legacy of Indian Handloom Jacob Abraham 58 SUBSCRIPTION : Participative Communication for INLAND Better Rural Livelihood Dr. Aparajita Suman 60 1 YEAR : ` 100 2 YEARS : ` 180 Innovative Community Initiative; 3 YEARS : ` 250 ABROAD (AIR MAIL) Low Cost Rain Water Harvesting Dr Manazir Jeelani Samoon 66 ONE YEAR Integrated Farming: A Success Story Dr. Subhabrata Dutta 69 ` 530 (SAARC COUNTRIES) ` 730 (OTHER COUNTRIES) Rural Employment – Women on the Move Nirendra Dev 72 Sales Emporia : Publications Division: *Soochna Bhavan, CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi -110003 (Ph 24365610) *Hall No.196, Old Secretariat, Delhi 110054(Ph 23890205) * 701, B Wing, 7th Floor, Kendriya Sadan, Belapur, Navi Mumbai 400614 (Ph 27570686)*8, Esplanade East, Kolkata-700069 (Ph 22488030) *’A’ Wing, Rajaji Bhawan, Basant Nagar, Chennai-600090 (Ph 24917673) *Press road, Near Govt. Press, Thiruvananthapuram-695001 (Ph 2330650) *Block No.4, 1st Floor, Gruhakalpa Complex, M G Road, Nampally, Hyderabad-500001 (Ph 24605383) *1st Floor, ‘F’ Wing, Kendriya Sadan, Koramangala, Bangalore-560034 (Ph 25537244) *Bihar State Co-operative Bank Building, Ashoka Rajpath, Patna-800004 (Ph 2683407) *Hall No 1, 2nd floor, Kendriya Bhawan, Sector-H, Aliganj, Lucknow-226024 (Ph 2225455) *Ambica Complex, 1st Floor, above UCO Bank, Paldi, Ahmedabad-380007 (Ph 26588669) *KKB Road, New Colony, House No.7, Chenikuthi, Guwahati 781003 (Ph 2665090) Kurukshetra seeks to carry the message of Rural Development to all people. It serves as a forum for free, frank and serious discussion on the problems of Rural Development with special focus on Rural Uplift. The views expressed by the authors in the articles are their own. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the government or the organizations they work for. The readers are requested to verify the claims in the advertisements regarding career guidance books/institutions. Kurukshetra does not own responsibility. Maps used are for illustration & study purpose and may not strictly conform to the official map. Editorial hrough his speeches and writings Mahatma Gandhi always advocated the potential of khadi and village industries to bring about self reliance and prosperity in our villages. To TGandhiji khadi represented human value and mill cloth material value. As we salute the Father of the Nation on his birth anniversary, it is indeed heartening to note that large number of innovative programmes are in place throughout the country to further reinforce the values and concepts that were dear to Gandhiji. Recently, different initiatives have been taken both at the Centre and states to further rejuvenate khadi and cottage industries sector that provides employment opportunities and income to tens of thousands of people across the country. Over the years, our khadi and village industries have grown from strength to strength. At present, the sector produces goods worth over Rs.21,675 crore and provides employment to 1.3 crore people annually. Besides this, the sector has considerable export potential. Together with fast increasing domestic demand for khadi products it has captured international markets like never before. India exports khadi products to more than 17 countries including all the major developed economies. From a simple fabric closely identified with the Indian freedom struggle, khadi has attained the status of a fashion statement especially among the upper middle classes of the country. The appeal by the Prime Minister Narendra Modi to buy khadi items has provided further fillip to this sector. He urged the people to buy at least one khadi clothing and a handloom product as a tribute to Gandhiji and to encourage the industry. Sale of khadi products has more than doubled during the last one year. However, considering the vast potential of the sector to further step up both domestic demand and export , enhanced thrust need to be given to khadi and village industries. Financial institutions at the grass root level including public sector banks are expected to give further momentum in extending assistance to small scale village industries and women’s self help groups. Even though Agriculture has been the backbone of Indian economy in providing employment and livelihood to rural population, in recent years Medium and Small scale Enterprises are playing a significant role in transforming the rural landscape of India. Employment avenues are increasing in villages thereby bringing down migration to urban centres of development. Large number of socio-economic development schemes unveiled by the Centre recently has definitely added further momentum to this process. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, Make in India and Start up India; Stand up India programmes are steps in this direction to enhance financial inclusion and employment avenues across the country especially in rural India. As India emerges as a global economic power, promoting all-round development and prosperity of our villages is a pre-requisite to ensure equitable distribution of income and wealth which is India’s cherished goal. 4 Kurukshetra October 2015 KHADI - FABRIC OF FREEDOM TO FABRIC OF RURAL EMPLOYMENT Ganesh N Khadi and village industries has truly grown by leaps and bounds as it produced goods worth Rs 26,109.08 crore by the end of 2013-14 and providing cumulative employment to 1.30 crore people. The corresponding data for the 2014-15 available till December 2014 shows production to the tune of Rs 21,675.89 and cumulative employment 1.43 crore persons. t had all started with the humble fabric that The corresponding data for 2014-15 available till knit an entire nation into a united struggle for December 2014 shows production to the tune of Rs Ifreedom led by Mahatma Gandhi. Khadi - fabric 21,675.89 and cumulative employment to 1.43 crore of the freedom continues to play a key role in the persons. economic independence of millions living in our Much of the sales in 2014, particularly in villages. India, primarily being an agriculture driven Delhi have been shored up following Prime Minister economy, the Khadi industry acts as a buffer to Narendra Modi’s appeal to the citizens to use at least the families of millions of landless farmers and one item of Khadi in their daily life. Khadi and Village labourers whose access to income is not certain. Industries Commission (KVIC) Chief Executive Officer Arun Kumar Jha told in an interview: “After PM’s call, Specific to Generic we prepared ourselves in a way that we have more The term Khadi today is not just confined consumer friendly and new designer products in the to the fabric which has its origin in a hand spun market. The sales at the main outlet in central Delhi charka, it has become generic denoting thousands have gone up by 60 percent.” of products of village industry that are sold at Khadi outlets across the country and also exported. The village industries have been broadly categorised into agro- based and food processing industry, forest based industry, handmade paper and fibre industry, mineral based industry, polymer and chemical based industry, rural engineering and bio- technology, service and textile industry. Humble Beginnings, Monumental Achievements If one takes into account only the Khadi In 1955-56 when the first overall government segment, in its pure sense, then too it is a significant interventions through various programme in contributor to rural economy. Khadi has been a khadi and village industries began to bear fruit, source of livelihood for more than 10 lakh rural the endeavor had resulted in production of goods persons, which include spinners, weavers and other worth Rs 20 crore and providing employment to 15 artisans spread across the country. Khadi production lakh persons in the rural region. More than half a during 2013-14 was Rs 811.08 crore, registering an century later, the village industries has truly grown increase of 6.45 % over the previous year. by leaps and bounds as it produced goods worth Rs Micro Macro benefits 26,109.08 crore by the end of 2013-14 and providing cumulative employment to 1.30 crore people. About 45 per cent of the Micro, Small and Kurukshetra October 2015 5 Medium Enterprises (MSME) are in the rural programme implemented by Khadi and Village areas falling in the category of non-farm sector.