1 Photo by Jonathan Houser TRIBUTE TO HAPPYSON WILLIAM MATSILELE CHAUKE 1952 - 2009 Tillman Houser It is not often that men meet great men that influence their lives. Happyson Chauke was one of those in my life. Born and reared in a humble home near Lundi Mission in Zimbabwe, he never flaunted his royal ancestry. My wife and I spent thirty-five years as missionaries in Zimbabwe with our first assignment at Lundi Mission. Our two sons played with Happyson while learning his language. Happyson attended the local primary school and secondary school managed by the missionaries. Later on he returned to teach in 1976 at Lundi Mission. Missionaries were evacuated from the mission because of the danger in the area of the guerilla-type warfare when the Africans struggled to gain their independence. In the 1990s, while staying with Happyson’s family at their home in Harare, he told me that he had documented the events that had occurred at Lundi Mission in the four years until independence in 1980. I asked him to send me the account as well as other papers he had written. I immediately saw their high quality and sensed the importance of preserving them. Certainly they should be published for readers worldwide. That is the reason I have compiled the documents into the following book format. Which leads me to the observation I have often made of the distinctive qualities I have seen in those of royal blood. There was displayed a characteristic fineness in the life of Happyson. I saw pride accompanied by a natural humility in his relationships toward others. These qualities I saw in those that I knew of his relatives of royal blood. Happyson showed leadership qualities as he was promoted in his teaching career. After teaching at Lundi Mission, he obtained a teaching position at Churchill High School one of the most prestigious white boy’s schools in the Capitol city in Harare. There he was promoted to head the Sixth Form that led eventually to service as Assistant Headmaster of the school. Later he joined the Zimbabwe Education Department and was appointed to define all of the dialects in the various languages in Zimbabwe. During these important duties, he was also working on a dictionary of the language of his own people that had never been done before. Another of his projects was to write the history and culture of the Hlengwe people. This also had never been done before. I pay tribute to this man who has contributed so much to primary knowledge about his own people. The following document is presented to preserve this very important work. 2 PAGE TRIBUTE TO HAPPYSON MATSILELE CHAUKE 1 CONTENTS 2 MAP – ONE 4 MAP – TWO 5 MAP – THREE 6 CURRICULUM VITAE – APPLICATION FOR PHD. DEGREE 7 COVER 12 THE MIRACLE OF LUNDI MISSION…LEST WE FORGET 13 CHAPTER ONE 14 The Introduction 14 Geographical Location of Lundi Mission. 17 Security Forces Positions vis-a-vis Lundi Mission. 18 Guerrilla Operations vis-a-vis Location of Lundi Mission. 19 CHAPTER TWO 20 The Impact of Gonakudzingwa Restriction Camp on Free Methodist Church Activities. CHAPTER THREE 27 Paramount Chief Peter Chimamise Chitanga Lives in Exile 1975 – 1980. CHAPTER FOUR 37 ZANLA (Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army) Freedom Fighters Officially Introduce Themselves into Lundi Mission. CHAPTER FIVE 42 The Abduction and Disappearance of Rev. Naison Chauke 1978. CHAPTER SIX 47 The Guerrilla Supply Order List – 1978. CHAPTER SEVEN 55 The Arrest of Lundi Mission Top Brass 1978. CHAPTER EIGHT 59 The Nine-Band Massacre 1978. CHAPTER NINE 85 The Dimbiti Hill Massacre 1979. CHAPTER TEN 90 The Last Three Months of 1979. CHAPTER ELEVEN 99 The Mujibhas (The Liberation War Collaborators) and Lundi Mission. CHAPTER TWELVE 107 Relationship between the Hlengwe and Other Early Christian Missions. CHAPTER THIRTEEN 118 Factors Which Contributed to the Survival of Lundi Mission during the War. CHAPTER FOURTEEN 151 Andrew Ndebele the Headmaster and Superintendent of Lundi Mission. CHAPTER FIFTEEN 159 Lundi Mission Medical Services – 1939-1970. 3 CHAPTER SIXTEEN 175 Lundi Mission Medical Services and the Liberation War 1971 – 1980. CHAPTER SEVENTEEN 182 Conclusion. BASIC AFRICAN LANGUAGE PRONUNCIATION GUIDE– SHONA 188 JUNE 24, 2004 – TILLMAN HOUSER REPLY TO 190 HLENGWE NATIONAL HISTORICAL PROJECT CORRESPONDENCE INFORMATION FOR THE HLENGWE 191 DICTIONARY – OCTOBER 8, 2004 HISTORY AND CULTURE OF THE HLENGWE PEOPLE 195 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OF THE HLENGWE 196 ORIGINS AND DEFINITIONS OF THE HLENGWE 202 REASONS FOR THE HLENGWE MOVEMENT 222 HLENGWE POPULATION 230 HLENGWE POLITICAL SYSTEM 233 THE MYSTERY OF MAKAPAILE POOL 263 ARMY DOCUMENT REFERENCE ONE 271 CHISANDAKO INTERVEIW 283 THE HLENGWE CIRCUMCISION SCHOOL 285 AN OVERALL EVALUATION OF THE FREE METHODIST CHURCH 347 ROLE IN DEVELOPING THE LITERAL OF THE HLENGWE LANGAUGE 1939 TO 1980 THE IMPACT OF MODERN AND SCIENTIFIC 351 MEDICAL SERVICES ON THE HLENGWE LANGUAGE THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES 353 IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE XIHLENGWE (XICHANGANA) LANGUAGE IN ZIMBABWE UNTIL 1980 4 5 6 7 APPLICATION FOR PHD. DEGREE CURRICULUM VITAE HAPPYSON W. M. CHAUKE 2004 8 (Edited by Tillman Houser) CURRICULUM VITAE SURNAME: Chauke FIRST NAMES: Happyson William Matsilele DATE OF BIRTH: 12th December, 1952 NATIONAL ID NUMBER: 000000000000 PASSPORT NUMBER: 00000000 SEX: Male MARITAL STATUS: Married NUMBER OF DEPENDANTS: 4 NATIONALITY: Zimbabwean CITIZENSHIP: Zimbabwean RELIGION: Christian HOME LANGUAGE: Shangani-Hlengwe OTHER LANGUAGES: English (Fluent) Shona (Fluent) Ndebele (Basic) DRIVER’S LICENCE: 000000 RESIDENTIAL ADDRESS: 12 Dunstable Circle Avonlea Marlborough Harare Zimbabwe Tel- 304849 Fax-487161 E mail- [email protected] WORK ADDRESS: Churchill Boys High School P O Box CY 616 Causeway Harare Zimbabwe Tel- 747088/94 EDUCATIONAL HISTORY: LAST SCHOOL ATTENDED: Tekwani High School HIGHEST FORM: ’A’ levels (Cambridge) YEAR COMPLETED: 1972 SUBJECTS PASSED: General Paper English Literature History Geography 9 UNIVERSITY EDUCATION: INSTITUTION ATTENDED: University of Zimbabwe YEAR COMPLETED: 1976 DEGREE OBTAINED: Bachelor of Arts (General Degree) Major subject – History POST GRADUATE STUDIES: INSTITUTION ATTENDED: University of Rhodesia YEAR COMPLETED: 1977 CERTIFICATE OBTAINED: Graduate Certificate in Education INSTITUTION ATTENDED: University of Zimbabwe YEAR COMPLETED: 1985 DEGREE: Bachelor of Arts – History Honours INSTITUTION ATTENDED: University of Zimbabwe YEAR COMPLETED: 1991 DIPLOMA: Diploma in Education INSTITUTION ATTENDED: University of Zimbabwe YEAR COMPLETED: 2003 DEGREE: Master of Arts in History WORK EXPERIENCE l. 1974 – 1975: Temporary teacher at Zimuto Secondary School (Dutch Reformed Church) Masvingo Subjects taught: English Language and Geography Forms taught: 1 – 4 2. 1978 – 1979: Teacher (appointed teacher on probation) -Lundi Secondary School (Free Methodist Church) Masvingo Subjects taught: English Language, English Literature, History and Shona 3.1979-1982 Appointed permanent teacher at the same school Responsibilities 1979-82: HOD – English and History 4. 1982: Teacher - Ellis Robins High School Subjects taught: Shona Forms taught: 1 – 6 5.1983todate : Churchill Boys High School Subjects taught: History and Shona Forms taught: 1 – 6 10 Responsibilities: 1986 – , HOD Shona, Grade 1 1998 – , HOD History Grade 111 1991 – , Senior Master Grade 1 1997/09 to date, Acting Deputy Headmaster Grade1 2004/03 – Acting Headmaster Other Duties 1985 – to date Churchill School examinations secretary for ‘O’ and ‘A’ Level Cambridge Public Examinations 1992 – to date in charge of school transport, member of the School Finance Committee, Teacher in charge of soccer, volleyball, basketball, current affairs club OTHER EDUCATIONAL RELATED RESPONSIBILITIES EXAMINER MAKER 1. 1983 – 1984: History Z. J. C. 2. 1984: History – O Level Cambridge 3. 1984 – 1999: Shona – O – Level – Cambridge 4. 2000 to date: History – A Level Cambridge/Zimsec 5. Churchill School’s Public Examination Secretary for ‘O’ and ‘A’ Level 1985 – current 6. Chief Invigilator for Central Africa Correspondence College for Diploma and degree courses at their Churchill Boys High School Center 1996 – current OTHER INFORMATION 1. A full member of the Geographical Names Standing Committee of Zimbabwe. Appointed 27th June, 1989 to the present. 2. Part-time News Reader and Translator - Shangani-Hlengwe Language, Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation, Radio Four (National Radio F. M.) 1995 – 31/12/01). 3. A professional translator and interpreter for the following languages – English, Shangani – Hlengwe and Shona. 4. Basic knowledge and experience of editing Shona and History educational textbooks Form 1 – 6. Longman Zimbabwe Orientation programme. 5. A certificate of attendance of teachers in charge of school libraries organized by the school libraries section of the University of Zimbabwe in 1980. 6. A Certificate of attendance of a course in Political Economy conducted by Zimbabwe Ministry of Education 1985 – 1989. 11 PUBLISHED RESEARCH ARTICLES 1. Peter Forrestall (Ndambakuwa) – Native Administration, Chivi District 1895 – 1921, Zimbabwe – Department of History, University of Zimbabwe 1985. 2. The Relevance of Hlengwe Male Circumcision in Education – Department of Education, University of Zimbabwe 1991. 3. The Miracle of Lundi – ‘Lest We Forget’ – A historical account of events which took place during the Liberation War in Zimbabwe 1975 – 1980 at Lundi Mission, Mwenezi, Masvingo Province – Free Methodist Church U.S.A. (ed). Rev. T. Houser, 2002. 4. A History of Hlengwe Male Circumcision