* •*' - *-l k* i _ - - * .K'---> :• -•< • * * f ' " 1 L, 1 9 i A i CLASS HANDBOOKS FOR THE INDIAN ARMY COMPILED Enter the orto of the Sobemment of Ittbia BY CAPTAIN A. H. BINGLEY, 7TH (DUKE OF CONNAUGHT'S OWN) BENGAL INFANTRY I SIMLA: .R1NTED AT THE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL PRINTING OFFICE. l899. Price—Twelve annas. l al tanr Ch^ " 4 * 1 J. \ I I '^/ vli * Su" — > Accrv-P.SSie - f\, sa:**0- i 0 * INDEX TO HAND-BOOK ON DOGRAS CONTENTS 0 PAGES, TER I.—History and origin ••• ••• •«• •#« 18 Agricultural class, origin of ••• • •• • •• 2 Akbar's policy towards Hindu subjects ... ... io, II Aryans, early history of the— ... ... m i, 2, 3 Aryans, divided into four classes • •• •«• 2,3 Aryan or Brahman priests, origin of the— ... ... 2 Brahmanism and Buddhism • •• ••• ••• 5 Brahman revival »%• • • • #• 9 9« 6 Brahmans, opposition of the Kshatriyas to the— ... ... 4 leasee ... ... ... .## Mi o D harm a shdstras ••• ••• «•• 5 Dogra country, divisions of the V «t« »•# 12 Dogras, enlistment of—in the Native Army ... #,( 18 —, influence of—at the Sikh Court ... ... x7 -, influence of geographical conditions on— ,,, g -, loj'alty of • •• • •• ••• 16, 18 • • • , military achievements of • • • 18 • • * • in Imperial Service Troops • •• 18 Dogarth or Dugar circle • •• • # • f#»» 12 Gul&b Singh • •• •• • • •» « a9 I7,l8 Imperial Service Troops • •• • • • • • • ««« 18 Invasion by Gurkhas • • # • • • •«• 16 Invasions, Greek, Bactrian, Scythian and Arab ... ... 7 • •• of Mahmud of Ghazni • • • 8 Jummoo, capture of—by Sikhs • • • • * • , Dogra principalities of ••• ••• 13 , Gulab Singh appointed Mahardja of—.., ... 18 , rise of Rdjas—to power €«• *•« 14 Kangra, annexation by Sikhs of ••• ••• • •• 16 —, recovery of—by Rajputs from Sikhs ... ... 15 Kanouj, fall of • •« ••• • *• 8 Katoch ascendency in Kangra • •• • • • in 15 — dynasties ... ... ... ... 12 Rajputs ... • •• ••• •«• • *# 15 at ___ defeated by Gurkhas ... ... ... 16 , revival of—power «•• ••• «•• 13 Kotlehr, establishment of ••« ••• 13 M Kshatriyas #•• ••• • •« 3 Kulu, principality of— ... ... ... .„ jg Lunar race, origin of— ... ... ... ,., 7 11 PAGES* CHAPTER I—contd. Mandi, origin of ••• ••• ••• ... 13 Mdnu, institutes of- ••• »»i ... ... 5 Mughal Empire, creation of .*• ».t • # • 10 • rule, overthrow in the Punjab of the— ... ... 13 Mughals, Dogras feudatory to the t • 1 t • • # • • II Muhammadan invasion, effect of—»on Rajputs ... ... 9 Nurpur State, origin of • •• ••• *•• ... 13 Pathanias • •• ... ••• ••• ••• 13 Punjab, prior to Muhammadan conquest ... ... 6 , political divisions of—at time of Mahmud's invasions 8 Rajput class * * • »•• ••• ••• resistance to Muhammadans 1 • • • ^^—^-•• t* *•• 8 kingdoms of Rajputana and the Punjdb ... ... 9 , principalities of the hills ••• ••• 12 Rajputs, effect of Muhammadan invasion on— ... ... 9 Sikhs, called in to assist Dogras in private quarrels ... 14 , called in to assist Dogras against the Gurkhas ... 16 Solar race, origin of— ... ... ... M- ? mam . * Sudras I ••• ••• • •• •• 3 Trigartt or Jullundur circle ••• ••• ... 12 Vaisiyas ... ..; ;v. ... M# 3 Vedas or Vedic hymns | ••• ••• • • • , » , V£dism, change from—to Brahmanism ... ... 4 Warrior class, origin of— ... ... ... % 2 CHAPTER II.—Classification and geographical distribution ... .ti 19—36 * Agriculture, effect on physique of higher classes of Dogras ... „ 24 —— , held in contempt by Mian Rajputs ... ... 24 Bahtis ... ... ... ... ... 24 Brdhmans ... ... ... ... iM I9_ 22: -, Bhojkis or temple priests ... ... ... 2i 1 -, Dogra ••• .«• ... *9 -, distinction between—priests and cultivating— ... 20 •, Padhas and Parohits ... ... ... 2o —, Sarsut ... or * ••• ••• »•• ••• 21 —, two main divisions of • •• •t• • • t 20 British rule, effects of—on higher classes of Dogras ... 24 Changs .« ... ... ... ... 34 Dogra, meaning of the term— ... Tn ••, classes enlisted in the Native Army ... ... Xg Ghirths ••* ».. ••• ••• ••• 34*35 -, clans of • •• ••• • •» ... 35 Jai Dii • • • ••• ••• •••-»• ••• tit ••• »•• • 20 Jaikari ••• #•• • • t 23,2s •, difference between—and Salaamis ... ... 23 - Kanets ••• ... ••• — 35 •, not enlisted in the Native Army iM iti 36 • • • 111 PAGES* CHAPTER 11—contd. Kanet septs • • « • • • « * * • * • •• 36 , location of • • • »• « • t • • • • 36 Marriage rules of higher classes of Dogras • # * • •• Mian Rajputs ... • • • • t 22—25 , classes of • i « % • • 22 , Jaikaris • • « • • • • • • 23 • • • •, origin of • • • • • • • • • 22 -, prejudices of • • • • • • • • • 23 •, their contempt for agriculture • • • • •• 24 , Salasmis >.. • • i • •• 23 Rajputs, clans of Ranas or superiorclass—of the 2nd grade of Jullundur circle ... ... v.. 26 Rdjputs, clans of inferior class—of the 2nd grade of Jullundur circle • • « »** *•• 26 Rajputs, clans of Ranas, subsidiary list • •• 26 \ -, clans of superior class—of the 2nd grade of the ! J • • • • • • 27 , clans cf inferior class, 2nd grade,—of the Jummoo or Dugar circle f • • 27 Rajputs, clans of Jaikari or 1st grade—of Gurdaspur t • • 28 , clans of Salaamis, 2nd grade—of Gurdaspur 29 , clans of ist grade -of Sialkot • • • 30 , clans of 2nd grade—of Sialkot » • • • « • 30 , clans of ist grade —of Hushiarpur • • « Aft* 31 , clans of 2nd grade—of Hushiarpur • * * • #• 3i , Muhammadan—of Hushiarpur • •• • • * 30 , of the plains • •« • •« #•• 27 Rathis • •• ••• • •• 31—34 >, definition of the term • • • »•• ••• 31 5 clans of superior class Jullu Katoch * • • circle • • • • »• • • • t »« 33 Rathis, clans of inferior class—of Jullundur or Katoch circle • • • • t • *• • - • • ?<# 34 Rathis, difference between—and Thakurs • • • ... 32 Salaamis ... e ... ... 23 •, difference between—and Jaikaris ••• 23 Thakurs • • • • • • .. • 31-34 , definition of the term ... • • • • •• 32 > difference between—and Rdthis »• • ••• 32 , clans of—of the Jummoo or Dugar circle ••• 34 CHAPTER III.—Religion, customs, and religious festivals ... 3 7—62 Brahmanism, description of • * t ... ... 38 Brahmans, feeding of • • • • •. .. • 56 , salutations to M* ..i »•• 49 Caste marks, description of • • * ... 46 Ceremonies relating to birth • • • :•• • I. 47 relating: to death % ft** •• • •• 54 relating to investiture of jan£o •». • f * 48 relating to marriage „» •?• • M 49 IV PAGES. CHAPTER HI,—contd. Cow, worship of • • • 9 •• • •• 45 Customs • •. • • • *•• 47 Daily devotions • • • • •• 46 Divinities, worship of household and minor • • • ••t 43 Festivals, description and dates of •« • • •* • • • 56 Ganesh, worship of • •• • •t • •• 43 Hinduism, description of • •• • • • • • • 39 of the Dogras • « • • • • #•• • •• 37 Hindu religion, origin and progress of f • • • • • 37 •2—, early deities of • • • • •• • •• 38 Hindu sects .,• • • « • • • • • « 40 Jan£o, description of • • • • •ft) • f« • • • 48 Karms, definition of * • • • « • • • ft 90 9 47 Leave, period required for ceremonies • •• »• • 56 Marriage, prohibited degrees • t • • • • • • • 49 , seasons for • •• • «« • • « 52 , special Pdjpdt days for • • • • I « • •• 52 Planet worship t • • ••• • •• 45 Rosaries, description of • •• • • t 46 Shaivism or Siva worship • • • • ft • •• 40 Shaktism or Goddess worship Ml • • • • • • 4i Surya, worship of • • • • • • • • • 42 Vaishndvism or Vishnu worship • •• • • • • • • 4i Vedism, description of • • • • • • »•• 38 Vishnu, incarnations of • • • • • • • •• 4i Worship, minor forms of • « • • « • • • • 43 CHAPTER • • • • 4% IV.—Characteristics f •« • • • 63—72 Adoption, laws of • •> • «• • • • « 69 Agriculture, effects on—of physique of Dogras • * • • •• 68 Appearance • • « • •• • • • 64 Characteristics, general • • • • •• • • • 63 Cooking • • • tM ••• 65 • •« — utensils • • « #•• • • t 66 Dress • 1 * • * • • •• 67 Drugs, customs with regard to • •• • •• 66 Education • • • • •• • • • • • • 71 • * • Family life • •• • •• 69 Food, customs regarding preparation of tit • • • 64 Furniture • • 1 69 Games and sports 114 9 S* • ft 72 Houses • •• • •• • • • 69 Inheritance, laws of • • • • •• • • • 69 Languages • t• • •• • •• 70 Litigiousness ... • •• • • • • • ft • •• 71 Meals .., • •« • •• • • « 65 * I V * } CHAPTER W—contd. L Military qualities ••# •• Outcasts ••• »•• ••• Physique t#t • •• . f •• J Punchayats ©»• %o» c*» - J. Water, peculiarities regarding • # • Women, position of Dogra • • t ^CEUPTER V.—RecruitingC-3 t •• tt • • •« T *\| Areas, two Dogra recruiting • $ 9 fl British officers • • • » • • • • • Circle, Eastern or Kangra • • • TlL j , Western or Jummoo • « • Tr Civil authorities, assistance from • • • Hi Fairs, recruiting at »t * Furlough men, recruiting by • • « H5 Head-quarters ... • t t • • • Parties, method of working recruiting ~, selection of recruiting Recruiting grounds • «• • • * , limits of Dogra- • * * Recruiting, season for u 4 • Recruiting staff Recruits, disposal of • • • • 9 • •, pay of- • * , system of obtaining • • » -, verification of • • . • • • APPENDIX A.—List of principal fairs, I LIST OF SOME OF THE PRINCIPAL AUTHORITIES CON SULTED IN THE PREPARATION OF THIS WORK. Ethnography of the Punjdb—Denzil Ibbetson. Punjab Census Reports of 1881 and 1891. Gazetteers of the Punjab. Kangra, Sialkot, Gurdaspur, and Hoshiarpur Settlement Reports* The Punjab Chiefs—Lepel Griffin. The Punjab Rajas—Lepel Griffin. Treaties, Engagements, and Sanads—Aicheson. History of the Sikhs—Cunningham. Hmdu Tribes and Castes—Sherring. 1 Notes on the Hindu Religion—Newell. Hindu Mythology—Wilkins. Notes on Hinduism—Harris. Notes on Dogras—Burne. Notes on Dogras—Gordont> . Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia of India—Balfour. India—Strachey. Indian Polity—Chesney. The History of India—Talboys