ANNUAL REPORT OF THE ~ AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE YEAR 1923 IN ONE VOLUME A.ND A SUPPLEMENTAL VOLUME / . • • UNITED STATES GOVER1!1lENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1929 ) LETTER OF SUBMITTAL SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D.O., November 18,19137. To the 00ngre88 of the United St(J;te8: . In accordance with the act of incorporation of the American Historical Association approved January 4, 1889, I have the honor _ to submit to Congress the annual report of the association for the year 1923. I have the honor to be, _ Very respectfully, your obedient servan~, CHARLES G. ABBOT, Aoting Sem'etary. 3 • ACT OF INCORPORATION Be it enaoted by the SenaJte anil House of Representatives of the Unite~ States of America in Oongress assembled, That Andrew D. White, of Ithaca, in the State of New York; George Bancroft, of Washington, in the District of Columbia; Justin Winsor, of Cam­ bridge, ill the State of Massachusetts; William F. Poole, of Chicago, in the State oiIllinois; Herbert B. Adams, of Baltimore, in the State of Maryland; Clarence W. Bowen, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, their associates and successors, are hereby created in the District of Columbia, a body corporate and politic by the name of the American Historical Association, for the promotion of historical studies, the collection and preservation of historical manuscripts, and for kindred purposes in the interest of American history and of his­ tory in America.· Said association is authorized to hold real and personal estate in the District of Columbia so far only as may be necessary to its lawful ends to an amount not exceeding $500,000, to adopt a constitution, and make by-laws not inconsistent with law. Said association shall have its pI;incipal office at Washington, in the District of Columbia, and may hold its annual meetings in such places as the said incorporators shall determine. Said association shall report annually to the Secretary' of the Smithsonian Institution concerning its proceedings and the condition of historical study in Americ~. Said secretary shall communicate to Congress the whole of such report, or such portions thereof as he shall see fit. The Regents of the Smiths~:mian Institution are authorized to permit said associa­ tion to· deposit its collections, manuscripts, books, pamphlets, and other material for history in the Smithsonian Institution or in the National Museum at their discretion, upon such conditions and under such rules as they shal.l prescribe. [Approved, January 4, 1889.] LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, Washington, D.O., June 30, 1924. Sm: We have the honor to submit herewith, as provided by law, the annual report of the American Historical Association for the year 1923. This report includes the proceedings of the association for the thirty-eighth annual meeting at Columbus, Ohio, from December 27 to December 29, 1923, and. the proceedings of the Pacific Coast Branch of the association at its nineteenth annual meet­ ing held in Berkeley, Calif., November 30 and December 1, 1923. No other reports and papers, or abstracts of papers, are included. They are omitted at this time in an effort toward bringing the reports to date. The funds available for printing and binding will permit the pub­ lication of only a single report and a supplemental volume giving the writings on American history for the year. It is hoped that by restricting the reports for the years 1924, 1925, and 1926 to the pro­ ceedings alone more than one report can be printed within the fiscal year, and that when the reports are brought to date some of the more important papers that were read at the meetings during the years 1923-1926 can be published. The supplemental volume of the report contains a bibliography of writings on American history during the year 1923, compiled by Miss . Grace Gardner Griffin. Very respectfully yours, H. BARRETr LEARNED, Ohmi1'1r1Jan of the Oomrmittee on Publi<Xdions. ALLEN R. BoYD, E dtitor. To the SECRETARY OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, D. O. 7 • • CONTENTS I. Proceedings of the thirty-eighth annual meeting of the American His- Page torical Association______________________________________________ 33 II. Proceeding of the nineteenth annual meeting of the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Assoeiation____________________ 121 9 , CONSTITUTION I The name of the society shall be The American Historical Association. II Its object shall be the promotion of historical studies. III -Any person approved by the executive council may become a member by pay­ ing $5, and after the first year may continue a member by paying an aunual fee of $5. On payment of $100 any person may become a life member, exempt from fees. Persons not resident in the United States may be elected as honorary or corresponding members and be exempt from the payment of fees. IV The officers shall be a president, two Vice presidenfs, a secretary, a treasurer, an assistant secretary-treasurer, and an editor. The president, vice president, secretary, and treasurer shall be elected by ballot at each regular annual meeting in the manner provided in the by-laws. The assistant secretary-treasurer and the editor shall be elected by the execu­ tive council. They shall perform such duties and receive such compensation as the council may determine. v There shall be an executive .council, constituted as follows: 1. The president, the movice presidents. the secretary, and the treasurer. 2. Elected members, eight in number, to be chosen annually in the same man­ lier as the officers of the association. 3. The former presidents; but a former president shall be entitled to vote for the three years succeeding the expiration of his term as president, and no longer. VI The executive council shall conduct the business, manage the property, and care for the general interests of the association. In the exercise of its proper functions, thfl council may appoint such committees, commissions, and boards as it may deem necessary. The council shall make a full report of its activities to the annual meeting of the association. The association may by vote at any ~nllual meeting instruct the executive council to discontinue or enter upon any activity, and may take such other action in directing- the affairs of the associa­ tion as it may deem necessary and proper. VII This constItution may be amended at any annual meeting, notice of such amendment having been given at the previons annual meeting, or the proposed amendment having received the approval of the executive council. u " BY-LAWS I The officers provided for by the constitution shall have the duties and per­ form the functions customarily attached to· their respective offices with such others as may from time to time be prescribed. II A nomination committee of five members shall be chosen at each annual business meeting' in the manner hereafter provided for the election of officers of the association. At such convenient time prior to the 15th of September as it may determine, it shall invite every member to express to it his preference regarding every. office to be filled by election at the ensuing annual business meeting and regarding the composition of the new nominating committee then to be chosen. It shall publish and mail to each member at least one month prior to the annual business meeting such nominations as it may deter­ mine upon for each elective office. and for the next nominating committee. It shall prepare for use at the· annual business meeting an official ballot con­ taining, as candidates for each office or coriunittee membership'tQ be filled thereat, the names of its nominees and also the names. of any other nominees which ·may be proposed to the chairman of the committee in writing' by 20 or more members of the association at least one day before the annual business meeting, but such nominations by petition shall not be presented until after the committee shall have reported its nominations to the association, as pro­ vided for in the present by-law. The official ballot shall also provide under each office a blank space for voting for such further nominees as any member may present from the floor at the time of the election. III The annual election of officers .and the choice of a nominating committee for the ensuing year shall be conducted by the use of an official ballot prepared as described in By-law II. IV The association authorizes the payment of traveling expenses incurred by the voting members of the council attending one meeting. of that body a year, this meeting to be other than that held· in connection with the annual meeting of the association. ) . :The .council may provide for the payment of expenses incurred by the secre­ tai-y, the. assistant secretary-treasurer, and the editor in such travel as maY be necessary to the transaction of the alisociation's business .. 12 AMERICAN HISTORICAl. ASSOCIATION Organized at Saratoga, N. Y., September 10, 1884. Incorporated by Oongress, January 4, 1889 OFFICERS ELECTED DECEMBER 28, 19Z1 PRESIDENT: WOODROW WILSON, LL. D., Lrrr. D., Washington, D. O. VICE PRESIDENTS: CHARLES M.ANDREWS, A. M., PH. D., L. H. D., Yale Universitll DANA C. MUNRO, L. H. D., Princeton University SECRETARY: JOHN SPENCER BASSETT, PH. D., Smith Oollege TREASURER: CHARLES MOORE, PH. D., Librarv of Oongre8s EXEbuTIvm OOUNon.: (In addition totbe above-named officers) (Ex-presidents) JAMES FORD RHODES, LL. D., D. Lrrr., Boston, Mass. JOHN BACH McMASTER, A. M., PH. D., Lrrr. D., LL. D., UnWerrity lot PenmyZvania. SIMEON E. BALDWIN, LL. D., Nmo Haven, Oonn. JOHN FRANKLIN JAMESON; PH. D., LL. D., Lrrr. D., Oarnegie Imtitution. of Wa8hington GEORGE BURTON ADAMS, PH. D., Lrrr.