The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Development and Validation of a Coercive Control Measure for Intimate Partner Violence: Final Technical Report Author(s): Mary Ann Dutton ; Lisa Goodman ; R. James Schmidt Document No.: 214438 Date Received: June 2006 Award Number: 2001-WT-BX-0503 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Development and Validation of a Coercive Control Measure for Intimate Partner Violence Final Technical Report Mary Ann Dutton Lisa Goodman R. James Schmidt December 30, 2005 Submitted by: COSMOS Corporation 3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 400 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Prepared for: National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs U.S. Department of Justice 810 Seventh Street, NW Washington, DC 20531 Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the following individuals for their support during this study: our National Institute of Justice project monitors, Leora Rosen, Ph.D., M.P.H. and Bernard Auchter; staff of the Violence Against Women Office; and members of our advisory panel—Joyce Chung, M.D., Sarah Cook, Ph.D., Walter DeKeseredy, Ph.D., Ed Gondolf, Ed.D., Michael Johnson, Ph.D., Lucy Laufe, Ph.D., Leslye Orloff, J.D., Sue Osthoff, Rose Pulliam, M.S.W., and Rachel Rodriguez, Ph.D. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the many professionals in the field of intimate partner violence who reviewed the study instrument, as well as the hundreds of men and women who shared their personal experiences with coercive control and intimate partner violence with the study team. Their contribution is the cornerstone of this study. The authors would also like to thank other persons who contributed to the completion of the project and the report—from COSMOS Corporation: Aileen Worrell, Darci Terrell, Oscar Espinosa, Alissa Fujimoto, Katherine Page, Bob Johnson, Nyala Watkins, Maren Nyer, Ada Cruz, and Elizabeth Circo; from Boston College: Rachel Latta, Amanda Bohlig, Sarah Weintraub, Lauren Gentile, Jay Morrison, and Gloria Pearce. This project was supported by Grant Number 2001-WT-BX-0503 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. COSMOS Corporation, December 30, 2005 i Note This is a technical report of the methods and procedures used in the development of the coercive control measure. Scientific reports of findings of the study are currently being submitted to other professional publications. COSMOS Corporation, December 30, 2005 ii CONTENTS Page Section Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... i Abstract..................................................................................................................................v Executive Summary ..............................................................................................................1 1. Introduction to the Study..............................................................................................1 1.1 Description of the Problem.......................................................................................1 1.2 Conceptualization of Power in Social Relationships ...............................................3 1.3 Conceptualization and Measurement of Coercion in IPV........................................4 1.4 Description of the Study Goals and Objectives .......................................................5 2. Study Design and Methodology....................................................................................6 2.1 Study Design ............................................................................................................6 2.2 Study Phase 1: Development of a Conceptual Model of Coercive Control..........10 2.2.1 Literature Review ..................................................................................10 2.2.2 Initial Development of the Conceptual Model of Coercive Control .....11 2.2.3 Ethnographic Data Collection................................................................12 2.3 Study Phase 2: Development of the Coercive Control Survey .............................15 2.3.1 Development of the Coercive Control Measure ....................................15 2.3.2 Consensus Ratings of the Draft Coercive Control Measure ..................16 2.3.3 Development of the Coercive Control Survey.......................................20 2.4 Study Phase 3: Testing the New Measure of Coercive Control ............................23 2.4.1 Recruitment and Training for Survey Administrators ...........................23 2.4.2 Survey Administration Sites and On-Site Respondent Recruitment .....24 2.4.3 Administration of the Coercive Control Survey and In-depth Interview Protocol .................................................................................26 2.4.4 Tracking and Processing Completed Survey Materials .........................28 2.4.5 Raffle Procedures...................................................................................28 2.4.6 Electronic Data Scanning.......................................................................30 2.5 Study Phase 4: Data Analysis................................................................................30 2.5.1 Item Analysis .........................................................................................31 2.5.2 Scale Analysis........................................................................................31 3. Results of the Study .....................................................................................................32 3.1 Development of Coercion Related Measures .........................................................32 3.1.1 Demands ................................................................................................32 3.1.2 Surveillance ...........................................................................................33 3.1.3 Coercion.................................................................................................33 3.1.4 Involvement of Third Party....................................................................34 3.1.5 Response to Coercion—Respondent .....................................................34 3.2 Psychometric Validity of Coercion Measure........................................................35 COSMOS Corporation, December 30, 2005 iii 3.3 Preliminary Test of Gender and Perpetrator/Victim Differences in Coercion-Related Measures .................................................................................35 3.4 Dissemination .......................................................................................................35 References............................................................................................................................36 Exhibits 1-1 Johnson’s Typology of IPV............................................................................................3 2-1 Nested Ecological Model of Intimate Partner Violence.................................................6 2-2 Coercive Control Survey: Breakdown of Response by Site, Gender, and Victim/Perpetrator Status ...............................................................................................8 2-3 Respondent Recruitment by Site ....................................................................................8 2-4 Sample Characteristics ...................................................................................................9 2-5 Search Terms Utilized for Literature Search at PyschINFO ........................................11 2-6 Description of Ethnographic Interview Participants ....................................................13 2-7 Number of Interviews with Professionals....................................................................14 2-8 Sample Screen Shots from the On-line Version of the Consensus Rating Survey: Instruction and Definition Pages ..................................................................................19 2-9 Sample Screen Shots from the On-line Version of the Consensus Rating Survey: Section A—Partner’s Expectation Or Demands ..........................................................20 2-10 Procedures for Electronically Scanning Survey Data via TeleForm............................30 Appendices A. Advisory Panel and Project Team Members B. What The Literature (and Categories of Literature) Tell Us: The In-Depth Overview C. Synopsis of Listserv Discussion on the Conceptual Framework for the Development Of a Coercive Control Measure D. Materials from the Ethnographic Interviews E. Materials from the Interviews with Professionals F. Potential Constructs to Assess in Interview G. Development of Coercive Control Measure: Conceptual Framework and Model H. Materials from the Advisory Panel Meeting I. Transmittal E-Mail and Consensus Rating Survey J. Coercive Control Survey, In-depth Interview Protocol, and Consent Forms K. Training Materials