9813 Public Disclosure Authorized 1~~~~~i. s x6_ Public Disclosure Authorized FILECP Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Alcira Kreimer and Mol___ W-1! Managing Natural Disasters and the Environment Managing Natural Disasters and the Environment Selected Materials from the Colloquium on the Environment and Natural Disaster Management Sponsored by The World Bank June 27-28, 1990 Washington, D.C. Edited by Alcira Kreimer and Mohan Munasinghe Published by the Environmental Policy and Research Division Environment Department The World Bank This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit uses, without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. The World Bank would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or other commercial purpose without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. The designations of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Bank concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The interpretations and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the World Bank. Copyright (D 1991 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. iv About the contributors Manuel Aguilera Gomez is general secretary OAS Natural Hazards Project from its con- of the Government of Mexico City, in charge ception through its implementation as a ma- of the Civil Protection Unit. Mr. Aguilera jor technical assistance and training program was director general of the Popular Housing active throughout Latin America and the Reconstruction Unit (RHP), the organization Caribbean. responsible for the reconstruction of 90,000 low-income housing units in Mexico City. Jonathan C. Brown is division chief of the East Africa Department's Infrastructure Mary B. Anderson is a development economist Operations Division at the World Bank. He and president of a small consulting firm, the has been with the Bank since 1973, working Collaborative for Development Action, Inc., in eastern and western Africa in country in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ms. Anderson operations, agriculture, human resources, and has focused her research on consulting on transportation. He also was the resident rural development, the gender variable in representative in Senegal in 1978-81. development planning, education policy, and disaster response. John R. Clark is a senior research associate at the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sci- N. Erik A. Arrhenius is principal advisor on ences, University of Miami, where he is in- science and technology to the vice president volved with international coastal manage- of sector and policy research at the World ment and planning. He has also worked for Bank. At the University of Stockholm, he is the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Sandy professor of the management of natural re- Hook Marine Laboratory in New Jersey, the sources and director of the Institute for the Conservation Foundation (in the then-new Management of Natural Resources. He was federal Coastal Zone Management ]Program), science advisor to Sweden's prime minister and the International Affairs Office of the and secretary general for the Swedish National Park Service. Parliament's Commission on Natural Re- sources and the Environment. Michael A. Cohen is chief of the Urban De- velopment Division of the Infrastructure and Stephen 0. Bender has been project chief of Urban Development Department ofthe World the Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Bank. Mr. Cohen has worked in the Bank DisasterMitigationPilotProjectattheOrga- since 1972, primarily on projects and policy nization of American States since 1983. He formulations in the urban sector. He has most recently guided the development of the extensive field experience in Africa and Asia. v About the contributors Frederick C. Cuny is founder and chairman of advice on policy, research, and operations for Intertect, a consulting firm providing tech- disaster prevention, mitigation, and recov- nical assistance, research and training on ery. She organized the Colloquium and is the disaster mitigation, prevention, and recov- Bank's representative to the UN steering ery. Mr. Cuny also works with refugee settle- committee for the IDNDR. She has extensive ments. experience in prevention, mitigation, and development issues. Daniel D.C. Don Nanjira is Kenya's ambas- sador to the United Nations Food and Agri- Wayne Luscombe is a senior environmental culture Organization in Rome and to the specialist with the World Bank's Environ- countries of Italy, Poland, Greece, Turkey, mentDepartment, CenterforEarthResource Cyprus, and Malta. Previously, Mr. Don Analysis. Nanjira was deputy to the director of the UN Disaster Relief Office in New York. Braz Menezes is a principal urban planner with the World Bank's Infrastructure Operations Edward G. Echeverria is currently a con- Division where he works in urban development sultant to the World Bank on a number of projects for the Brazil Department. urban development projects. Prior to his World Bank appointments, Mr. Echeverria Neelam S. Merani is director of the Secre- was a partner in a planning and architectural tariat for the International Decade for Natu- firm involved in urban development projects ral Disaster Reduction. Mr. Merani was in Delhi and Calcutta, coastal development, previously director for Policy Development and disaster reconstruction. and External Relations at the United Na- tions Environment Programme (UNEP). Lloyd B. Falck is executive chair of the New Zealand Earthquake and War Damage Mohamed Muhsin is a senior country officer Commission, the government-owned disaster for Sudan and Ethiopia with the World Bank's insurance agency. He is also deputy chair of EasternAfrican Country Operations Division. the Works and Development Services Cor- poration Ltd., the largest consultancy and Mohan Munasinghe is chief of the World construction company in New Zealand. Bank's Environmental Policy Division. He was previously division chief for energy and Austin Fernando is chief executive officer of infrastructure operations in the Latin Sri Lanka's National Reconstruction Steering America and the Caribbean Region. During Committee. 1982-86 he served as senior advisor to the President of Sri Lanka. Hassan M. Hassan is a senior environmental specialistwiththeWorldBank'sAssessment Andrew S. Natsios is director of the U.S. and Programs Division where he is the leader Agency for International Development's Of- of the Center for Earth Resource Analysis. fice of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Previously he was director of the Regional (OFDA). Previously, Mr. Natsios was a mem- Remote Sensing Center in Nairobi, Kenya. ber of the Massachusetts State Legislature. Chen Hong is director of the Department of Idris M. Nur is head of the Natural Resources Disaster and Social Relief of the Chinese Division of the Organization of Africa Unity Ministry of Civil Affairs and director of the in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where his main Office of the Chinese National Committee for areas of concern are food and agriculture, the International Decade for Natural Disas- nutrition, disasters, and water resources ter Reduction (IDNDR). development. Alcira G. Kreimer is a senior environmental Thomas R. Odhiambo has been director of the specialist with the World Bank's Environ- International Centre of Insect Physiology and mental Policy Division where she provides Ecology in Kenya since 1978. At the same vi About the contributors time, he has held positions in academia and Charles Sykes is the assistant executive direc- the public sector. tor of CARE, responsible for liaison with the World Bank, the U.S. government, and pri- Jelena Pantelic is a research scientist and vate international relief and development assistant director of the National Center for organizations in the Washington, D.C. area. Earthquake Engineering at the State Uni- versity of New York at Buffalo. She also Kenzo Toki is a professor at Kyoto University's coordinates the Center's Disaster Research Disaster Prevention Research Institute and and Planning Program. has been involved in earthquake engineering research for 25 years. Martha Preece is a consultant in the World Bank's Environment Department, Policy and Parviz S. Towfighi is chief of interagency af- Research Division. Since 1978 Ms. Preece fairs in the Office of the Executive Director of hasworkedonpolicyevaluationandresearch the United Nations Center on Human for environmental protection and natural re- Settlements (Habitat). sources management in developing countries. Jurg H. Vittani is senior relief advisor to the E.L. Quarantelli is a research professor at the undersecretary general for operations at the Disaster Research Center at the University League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Soci- of Delaware, where he co-founded the Center eties in Geneva. Mr. Vittani was involved in and served as its director from 1963 through most of the major disaster relief operations 1989. The first president of the International coordinated by the League in the last 25 Research Committee on Disasters, he has years. also been the editor ofMass Emergencies and Disasters and the International Journal of Horst Wagner is a forestry specialist with the Mass Emergencies and Disasters. World Bank's Asia Technical Department. Mr. Wagner has been with the Bank since Stephen Rattien is executive director of the 1974, working on forestry issues for the Latin Commission of Geosciences, Environment, America and East Africa Regions. and Resources of the U.S. National Research Council, the research arm of the National Thomas Waltz was a consultant to the Officeof Academy of Sciences, National Academy of the Vice President, Sector Policy and Research Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. in the World Bank. William Riebsame is director of the Natural Brian A.O.