Supplementary material Characteristics of included studies The characteristics of studies included in multivariate analyses in lieu of meta- analysis are detailed in tables and appendices within the review. Note that these references are included in the list below along with studies that were rejected upon reading at full text (reasons for rejection are recorded in review appendices). References retrieved from electronic searching assessed at full text Japanese Knotweed in Amenity Areas , Tree Advice Trust. (1974). Annual report of the German Plant Protection Service. [German], Annual report of the German Plant Protection Service.. Braunschweig. 1974 publ. 1975. 21 Jg. 266. (1984). Session 6: Weed control as an aspect of management. Aspects of Applied Biology 5, Weed control and vegetation management in forests and amenity areas. J. S. P. Sale and T. Preston. National Vegetable Research Station, Wellesbourne, Warwick, Association of Applied Biologists : 265-318. (1995). Plant invasions: general aspects and special problems. Workshop held at Kostelec nad Cernymi lesy, Czech Republic, 16-19 September 1993. Plant invasions: general aspects and special problems . P. Pysek, K. Prach, M. Rejmanek and M. Wade. Czech Republic, 16-19 September 1993.. SPB Academic Publishing, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Workshop held at Kostelec nad Cernymi lesy : xi + 263. Ahrens, J. F. (1975). Preliminary results with glyphosate for control of Polygonum cuspidatum, Proceedings of the Northeastern Weed Science Society New York City.. 1975. 29?: 326. Baker, R. M. (1988). "Mechanical control of Japanese knotweed in an S.S.S.I." Aspects of applied biology 16 : 189-192. Beerling, D. J. (1990). The use of non-persistent herbicides to control riparian stands of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt). Biology and control of invasive plants. Moorhead & Laing Ltd, Ruthin, Clwyd, Richards : 121-129. Beerling, D. J. (1990 or 91?). "The use of non-persistent herbicides, glyphosate, and 2,4-D amine, to control riparian stands of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica Houtt.)." Regulated Rivers - Research & Management 5(5): 413-417. Beerling, D. J. (1991). The ecology and control of Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria Japonica Houtt.) and Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens Glandulifera Royle) on river banks in South Wales. Cardiff, University of Wales, College of Cardiff. Beerling, D. J. (1991). "The Effect of Riparian Land-Use on the Occurrence and Abundance of Japanese Knotweed Reynoutria-Japonica on Selected Rivers in South Wales." Biological Conservation 55 (3): 329-337. Beerling, D. J. (1991). "Erratum: The testing of cullular concrete revetment blocks resistant to growths of Reynoutria japonica Houtt (Japanese knotweed). (Water Research (1991) 25 (495-498))." Water Research 25 (6): 749. Beerling, D. J. (1991). "The testing of cellular concrete revetment blocks resistant to growths of Reynoutria japonica houtt (Japanese knotweed)." Water Research 25 (4): 495-498. Beerling, D. J. and J. P. Palmer (1994). Status of Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) in Wales, Ecology and management of invasive riverside plants.. John Wiley & Sons Ltd Chichester UK: 1994. 199-211. 20 ref. Berney, M. (1971). "La renouee du Japon (Polygonum cuspidatum)." May 44 (5): 138- 139. Bimova, K., B. Mandak, et al. (2001). Experimental control of Reynoutria congeners: A comparative study of a hybrid and its parents. Plant Invasions: Species Ecology and Ecosystem Management : 283-290. Bing, A. (1977). Glyphosate to control perennial weeds in landscape plantings, Proceedings of the Northeastern Weed Science Society Baltimore 1977.. 1977. Volume 31 327. Brabec, J. and P. Pys?ek (2000). "Establishment and survival of three invasive taxa of the Genus Reynoutria (Polygonaceae) in mesic mown meadows: A field experimental study." Folia Geobotanica 35 (1): 27-42. Child, L. (2000). Japanese knotweed in amenity areas . Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Arboricultural Advisory & Information Service, Forestry Commission Research Station Farnham UK: 2000. 150/00/EXT 7. 10 ref. Child, L., M. Wade, et al. (1998). Cost effective control of Fallopia japonica using combination treatments. Plant Invasions: Ecological Mechanisms and Human Responses : 143-154. Child, L. and P. M. Wade (2000). The Japanese knotweed manual : the management and control of an invasive alien weed . Chichester, Packard Publishing Ltd Chichester UK. Child, L. E. (1999). Vegetative regeneration and distribution of Fallopia japonica and Fallopia x bohemica: implications for control and management (BL), LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY (UNITED KINGDOM). Child, L. E., L. C. De Wall, et al. (1992). "Control and management of Reynoutria species (Knotweed)." Aspects of applied biology 29 : 295-307. Child, L. E., L. C. d. Waal, et al. (1994 or 93?). Herbicides - is there a better way to control Fallopia japonica? Maitrise des adventices par voie non chimique Non Chemical Weed Control - Communications of the Fourth International Conference I.F.O.A.M. J. M. Thomas. Quetigny Cedex France, Association Colloque IFOAM : Ed 225-232. Dawson, F. H. and D. Holland (1999). "The distribution in bankside habitats of three alien invasive plants in the U.K. in relation to the development of control strategies." Hydrobiologia 415 : 193-201. De Waal, L. C. (1994). Ecology and management of invasive riverside plants . Chichester UK, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. De Waal, L. C. (1995). Treatment of Fallopia japonica near water - a case study. Plant invasions: general aspects and special problems . P. Pysek, K. Prach, M. Rejmanek and M. Wade. Amsterdam Netherlands, SPB Academic Publishing : 203-212. De Waal, L. C., L. E. Child, et al. (1995). The Management of 3 Alien Invasive Riparian Plants - Impatiens-Glandulifera (Himalayan Balsam), Heracleum- Mantegazzianum (Giant Hogweed) and Fallopia-Japonica (Japanese Knotweed). Ecological Basis for River Management : 315-321. Environment, A. (1996). Guidance for the control of invasive plants near watercourses : Japanese knotweed, Himalayan balsam, giant hogweed . Bristol, Environment Agency. Evans, S. and N. Farrin (2003). Japanese Knotweed and land reclamation in Stoke-on- Trent. Land Reclamation: Extending the Boundaries : 173-175. Figueroa, P. F. (1989). "Japanese knotweed herbicide screening trial applied as a roadside spray." Proceedings Western Society of Weed Science 42 : 288-298. Fowler, S. V. and A. N. G. Holden (1994). Classical biological control for exotic invasive weeds in riparian and aquatic habitats - practice and prospects. Ecology and management of invasive riverside plants. L. C. d. Waal, L. E. Child, P. M. Wade and J. H. Brock. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons Ltd : 173- 182. Gover, A. E., J. M. Johnson, et al. (1999). "Comparison of spring-applied herbicides for control of giant knotweed during roadside renovation." Northeastern Weed Science Society. Proceedings of the ... annual meeting 53 : 98-99. Gover, A. E., J. M. Johnson, et al. (2000). Comparison of rehabilitation sequences for Japanese and Sakhalin knotweed infestations. Proceedings of the Fifty-Fourth Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Weed Science Society, Baltimore, MD, USA, 3, 4, 5, and 6 January, 2000. M. VanGessel. Baltimore, Northeastern Weed Science Society : 78-80. Green, S. (2003). "A review of the potential for the use of bioherbicides to control forest weeds in the UK." Forestry 76 (3): 285-298. Gritten, R. (1990). The control of invasive plants in Snowdonia National Park. Biology and control of invasive plants. Moorhead & Laing Ltd, Ruthin, Clwyd, Richards : 80-85. Gunn, I. D. M. (1987). 1. Biology and control of Japanese knotwood (Reynoutria japonica, Houtt) and Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera, Royle) on river banks : 2. Distributional survey of Japanese knotwood (Reynoutria japonica, Houtt) and Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera, Royle) in South Wales rivers:and experimental trials on Reynoutria Japonica . Harranger, J. (1985). "Les renouees bambous." Phytoma. Mar 366 : 5. Hawke, C. and D. R. Williamson (1995). Japanese knotweed in amenity areas, Arboriculture Research and Information Note - Department of the Environment UK. Arboricultural Advisory and Information Service Forestry Commission Research Station Farnham UK: 1995. 95: 106 3. 3 ref. Hawke, C., D. R. Williamson, et al. (1992). Japanese knotweed in amenity areas . Wrecclesham, Arboricultural Advisory and Information Officer. Hill, D. J. (1994). A practical strategy for the control of Fallopia japonica (Japanese knotweed) in Swansea and the surrounding area, Wales, Ecology and management of invasive riverside plants.. John Wiley & Sons Ltd Chichester UK: 1994. 195-198. 4 ref. Holden, A. N. G., S. V. Fowler, et al. (1992). "Invasive weeds of amenity land in the UK: biological control--the neglected alternative." Aspects of applied biology 29 : 325-332. Hurle, H. v. K. (2004). Community experiments in Baden-Wurttemberg in 2004. [German], Berichte aus dem Fachgebiet Herbologie der Universitat Hohenheim. Fachgebiet Herbologie Universitat Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany : 113. Ito, M., K. Ueki, et al. (1982). "Studies on the total vegetation control in railroad. 1. Major weeds and factors affecting their distribution. [Japanese]." Weed Research, Japan 27 (1): 41-48. Jennings, V. M., R. S. Fawcett, et al. (1977). "Weed control: Japanese polygonum (Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. and Zuce.)." Apr 762 (2). Kidd, H. and D. Shaw (2000). "Japanese knotweed - the world's largest female!" Pesticide Outlook 11 (3): 99-100. Kister, C., I. Huguet, et al. (2005). "Japanese knotweed Fallopia japonica: control