California Energy Commission, Crude Imports By Rail into California http://energyalmanac.ca.gov/petroleum/statistics/2009_crude_by_rail.html Summary table of crude by rail imports to California, expressed as barrels of oil 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total Canada 155,296 193,569 3,472,049 1,520,288 5,341,202 Coloradold 30,983 500,708 146,889 678,580 New Mexico 153,318 411,725 1,159,712 792,035 2,516,790 North Dakota 3,353 496,886 1,112,665 704,207 1,348,682 1,191,758 4,857,551 Utah 933,632 190,993 1,124,625 Washington 11,155 11,155 Wyoming 441,398 694,101 308,313 1,443,812 OthersOthers 94, 070 37, 331 122,211 90, 699 344,311 Total 45,491 496,886 1,362,031 1,088,425 6,296,773 5,737,079 1,291,341 2015 Origin Total January February March April May June July August September October November December for Railcars New Mexico 162,528 132,906 176,192 114,520 132,989 81,262 16,849 11,723 20,135 849,104 Utah 49,318 21,105 45,915 44,966 14,619 1,042 0 0 0 176,965 Wyoming 134,876 25,761 26,005 78,925 17,163 69,258 12,740 99,340 213,904 677,972 Total Imports 346,722 179,772 248,113 238,411 164,770 151,562 29,589 111,063 234,038 1,704,041 2014 Colorado 27,478 642 3,422 26,583 12,352 25,909 31,085 4,589 14,829 0 0 0 146,889 North Dakota 82,620 71,541 122,885 121,057 183,189 121,057 123,446 121,057 60,529 121,057 63,320 0 1,191,758 New Mexico 51,136 63,538 58,407 65,808 71,901 78,829 95,820 103,825 88,856 141,320 141,217 199,055 1,159,712 Utah 21,490 44,794 42,930 51,621 44,202 82,115 124,781 106,902 100,534 105,334 115,132 93,797 933,632 Wyoming 18,878 46,767 33,914 42,827 42,856 9,043 9,545 31,567 77,858 70,499 112,148 198,199 694,101 Canada 372,277 199,300 133,697 249,906 267,624 200,065 97,419 0 0 0 0 0 1,520,288 Others 9,376 10,389 124 173 173 39,074 17,110 8,532 5,748 0 0 0 90,699 Total Imports 583,255 436,971 395,378 557,975 622,298 556,093 499,207 376,472 348,354 438,210 431,817 491,051 5,737,081 2013 Colorado 5,861 13,582 34,717 67,291 87,951 69,959 73,023 54,926 14,990 ‐ 23,383 55,025 500,708 NhNorth DkDakota119 119,450 450 206 206,172 172 94 94,695 695 103 103,954 954 128 128,209 209 93 93,317 317 46 46,946 946 50 50,830 830 165 165,296 296 152 152,382 382 100 100,352 352 87 87,079 079 1,348,682 New Mexico 21,382 37,861 41,888 38,361 33,636 32,858 38,768 36,045 34,186 36,490 22,741 37,509 411,725 Wyoming ‐ 6,683 10,771 ‐‐ 7,967 5,083 12,901 19,544 96,718 53,657 228,074 441,398 Canada 4,774 23,900 58,405 126,234 185,172 206,978 306,432 354,135 222,983 597,861 676,161 709,014 3,472,049 Others 4,373 8,338 605 5,750 11,259 ‐ 11,172 738 ‐‐ 16,015 63,961 122,211 Total Imports 155,840 296,536 241,081 341,590 446,227 411,079 481,424 509,575 456,999 883,451 892,309 1,180,662 6,296,773 2012 North Dakota 16,034 25,266 70,706 29,874 48,082 47,020 91,261 134,475 100,116 42,189 36,859 62,325 704,207 New Mexico 7,196 6,362 8,987 17,176 17,758 19,924 16,522 13,866 6,578 14,052 11,970 12,927 153,318 Canada 35,755 19,616 11,124 10,543 2,248 18,831 63,163 22,969 7,646 1,674 193,569 Others 7,473 11,945 9,450 8,339 124 37,331 Totall Imports 58,985 51,244 87,166 58,174 88,328 69,192 136,064 219,843 129,663 63,887 50,627 75,252 1,088,425 2011 North Dakota 77,148 77,772 86,783 101,378 107,029 106,380 97,493 94,034 98,981 48,416 130,709 86,542 1,112,665 Canada 562 568 8,153 544 10,852 7,269 10,253 15,811 18,529 41,714 41,041 155,296 Others 3,026 28,046 28,164 34,834 94,070 TotalTotal ImportsImports 80, 736 78, 340 94, 936 101,922 117,881 113,649 97, 493 104,287 114,792 94, 991 200,587 162,417 1, 362,031 2010 North Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 6,096 63,720 66,376 91,909 82,371 96,119 90,295 496,886 Total Imports 0 0 0 0 0 6,096 63,720 66,376 91,909 82,371 96,119 90,295 496,886 2009 Colorado 2,148 14,917 5,378 5,371 3,169 30,983 North Dakota 3,353 3,353 Washington 2,890 8,265 11,155 Total Imports ‐ 2,148 14,917 5,378 5,371 3,169 ‐‐ 3,353 2,890 8,265 45,491 BOZEMAN PASS WILDLIFE PRE-AND POST-FENCE MONITORING PROJECT April C. Craighead1 Frank L. Craighead2 Lauren Oechsli3 1 Craighead Environmental Research Institute, 201 South Wallace Avenue, Suite B2D, Bozeman MT 59715. 406-585-8705 (phone and fax). Email: [email protected] 2 Craighead Environmental Research Institute, 201 South Wallace Avenue, Suite B2D, Bozeman MT 59715. 406-585-8705 (phone and fax). Email: [email protected] 3 Craighead Environmental Research Institute, 201 South Wallace Avenue, Suite B2D, Bozeman MT 59715. 406-585-8705 (phone and fax). Email: [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT Introduction The Bozeman Pass transportation corridor between Bozeman and Livingston, Montana, includes Interstate-90, frontage roads, and a railroad. The highway supports 8,000-12,000 daily vehicles during the winter and 10,000 to 15,000 daily vehicles during the summer. The interstate has essentially become a barrier and hazard to animal movements in the Bozeman Pass area. To determine the extent of the animal-vehicle conflicts and where conflicts may best be mitigated, CERI began collecting field data on Bozeman Pass in 2001. Data analysis led to recommendations to incorporate approximately 2 miles of wildlife fencing, cattle guards and landscaping design modifications into the reconstruction of a Montana Rail Link (MRL) overpass. These recommendations were accepted by the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) and MRL in 2005 and a wildlife fence and four jump-outs were constructed in 2007. Adding relatively low cost wildlife mitigation measures to existing highway projects are effective in increasing highway permeability and reducing animal mortality, and could be incorporated into the Obama infrastructure initiative. Methods Data on wildlife crossings and animal-vehicle collisions (AVC) were collected before and after installation of the fencing to evaluate if the fencing reduces animal-vehicle collisions, and to determine animal movements under the highway via existing culverts and the MRL overpass. Data collection includes seven tasks, as follows: 1. Road kill surveys between Bozeman and the Jackson Creek interchange. 2. Track bed monitoring of wildlife movements under the MRL bridge. 3. Remote camera monitoring of wildlife movements at fence ends 4. Infrared counter monitoring of wildlife movements at jump outs 5. Track bed monitoring of wildlife movements at fence ends and jump outs 6. Remote camera monitoring of wildlife movements in two culverts at east end of fence. 7. Opportunistic snow tracking under MRL bridge and in fenced area. Power analyses (power = 0.8; α = 0.05) indicated three to five years of post-fencing study would be optimal in order to make reasonable quantitative comparisons between the pre- and post- fencing ungulate-vehicle collision (UVC) data. This presentation reports on 2 years of data. Results Nearly 2000 animals have been killed along 23 miles of Interstate 90 from 2001-June 2009. Since the installation of the wildlife fence about 1.5 miles long, two white-tailed deer has been killed within the fenced area and three have been killed at the fence ends. There has not been an increase in AVC at the ends of the fence. Preliminary results indicate an increased use of underpasses and culverts by wildlife. Discussion Costs for this project were much lower than new wildlife crossing structures since the fencing was added on to a structure replacement project for an existing underpass. More wildlife appear to travel through the rebuilt underpass as well as through other existing crossing structures (culverts and county road bridge). This suggests that fencing alone can be added to help direct animals through existing structures. 2 Conclusion Wildlife fencing leading to existing crossing structures is a cost-effective method of reducing AVC and thus reducing risk to motorists as well as increasing connectivity for wildlife. Recommendations Design improvements in jump-outs and fence-ends will be discussed. INTRODUCTION There is a wealth of evidence that details the mainly negative impacts that roads have on wildlife populations.