cover 8/9/00 3:28 PM Page 1 Central Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition— A State-Federal Partnership to Address Vital Societal Issues The Illinois State Geological Survey (of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources), created in its modern form by legislative mandate in 1905, provides objective scientific information to government, business, and the public. The Berg and others—MAPPING GLACIAL CENTRAL GEOLOGY, GREAT LAKES REGION—U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99–349 work is guided by two major objectives— • To improve the quality of life for Illinois citizens by providing the scientific information and Mapping the Glacial Geology of the interpretations needed for developing sound environmental policies and practices. • To strengthen the Illinois economy by promoting wise development of the State’s abundant Central Great Lakes Region in Three Dimensions— mineral resources. The Indiana Geological Survey, which is an institute of Indiana University, was A Model for State-Federal Cooperation established in 1837; it has a statutory mission— • To provide geologic information and counsel that contribute to the wise stewardship and economic development of the energy, mineral, and ground-water resources of Indiana. The Indiana Geological Survey works to discover and promote the development and conservation of these resources; maintains geologic data bases and sample libraries; investigates geologic U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN-FILE REPORT 99–349 hazards and environmental issues; and disseminates information through public education, maps and reports, and consultation with the public. The Michigan Geological Survey Division (of the Michigan Department of Prepared in cooperation with the Environmental Quality) is the oldest Michigan State agency; it was established in Illinois State Geological Survey 1837, the same year that Michigan was admitted to the Union. The mission of the Indiana Geological Survey Michigan Geological Survey Division is— Michigan Geological Survey Division Ohio Division of Geological Survey • To encourage conservation and protect natural resource values in developing the geological resources of the State, including fossil fuels, minerals, and ground water. • To identify, develop, and disseminate geological information for the benefit of Michigan citizens. The Ohio Division of Geological Survey (of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources) is Ohio’s oldest natural resources agency; it was established in 1837 to investigate the geology and mineral resources of the State of Ohio. The mission of the Ohio Division of Geological Survey is— • To provide geologic information and services needed for responsible management of Ohio’s natural resources. The U.S. Geological Survey, established in 1879, is an earth science organization within the U.S. Department of the Interior; the USGS is recognized worldwide as scientifically credible, objective, and demonstrably relevant to society’s needs. The mission of the USGS is— • To provide the Nation with reliable, impartial information to describe and understand the Earth. This information is used to minimize loss of life and property from natural disasters; manage water, biological, energy, and mineral resources; enhance and protect the quality of life; and contribute to wise economic and physical development. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Generalized glacial terranes of the Central Great Lakes region based on data from Goebel and others (1983), Lineback and others (1983), m Fullerton and others (1991), Gray and others (1991), Melhorn and Kempton (1991), and Soller (1998). Each terrane contains a similar series of vertically stacked deposits below the land surface (see fig. 7 and text o discussion on p. 16). The thickness and characteristics of these deposits are known only at regional scale, based on analyses of water-well records and local test wells. The glacial border on the map shows the southern extent of continental glaciation. o t m EXPLANATION ng t m Moraine belts terrane o o Meltwater deposit o m o complexes terrane t m o v Buried valleys terrane t t m t Till plains terrane t o v Near-glacial and v v ng v periglacial terranes ng m Glacial border m t t ng t t o o ng ng Glacial terrane Thickness Characteristic deposits Geologic features (map symbol) of and complexity deposits Series of surface moraines and Moraine belts Prominent and subtle moraines, 100–1300 ft surface/subsurface glacial-stream and glacial-lake deposits, locally multiple containing till cores, glaciotectonic (m) subsurface glacial/interglacial deposits structures, or stratified deposits Glacial-stream plains in south- Meltwater Glacial-stream (outwash) deposits in draining valleys, glacial-lake deposit <10–>200 ft large valleys, and glacial-lake deltas, deposits at varying altitudes in complexes fans, and fine-grained lake-bottom small and large lake basins, deposits in sediment-dammed basins detailed ice-retreat and drainage- (o) diversion records Ancient glacial deposits, thick Cover. This block diagram is a generalized representation of surface land uses and sequences of glacial-stream sediments, Series of ancient valley reaches Buried valleys and some full valley-filling lake that were modified and produced underlying deposits in Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio. The relatively flat farmland <100–700 ft plains and rolling hills conceal a complex mix of glacial deposits stacked above ancient sequences that represent the oldest by glacial erosion and drainage rocky hills and valleys like a pile of rumpled patchwork quilts. During the last 1.8 million (v) known ice sheets, capped by surface diversions; includes emergent till, glacial-stream, lake, or moraine valley in southeastern Ohio years, each glacial advance and retreat modified the previous landscape and deposited deposits of the last two ice sheets new layers of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and till, capped by soil. The thickness of the glacial Flat areas underlain chiefly by one Till plains Surface deposits of till, alluvium, and lakes deposits ranges from a few inches to more than 1,300 feet. Diagram by J.M. Evans, USGS. or more tills and loess; includes <10–100 ft and eolian sediments locally with surface For additional information on the relations between glacial features and modern land uses older, highly weathered and (t) glacial-stream and lake deposits and for a depiction of the water table, see a modification of this diagram in the yellow dissected Illinoian till plain Near-glacial and pages, Article 2, Water Resources. Hillslope deposits (colluvium) and valley Steep slopes, preglacial and periglacial <10–200 ft deposits of glacial streams and lakes; interglacial valleys terranes locally capped by windblown sediments (ng) U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Mapping the Glacial Geology of the Central Great Lakes Region in Three Dimensions— A Model for State-Federal Cooperation By Richard C. Berg, Illinois State Geological Survey Ned K. Bleuer, Indiana Geological Survey Berwyn E. Jones, U.S. Geological Survey Kevin A. Kincare, Michigan Geological Survey Division Richard R. Pavey, Ohio Division of Geological Survey Byron D. Stone, U.S. Geological Survey U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OPEN-FILE REPORT 99–349 Prepared in cooperation with the Illinois State Geological Survey Indiana Geological Survey Michigan Geological Survey Division Ohio Division of Geological Survey Under the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program, four State surveys and the U.S. Geological Survey are collaborating in the research and delivery of geologic information to support critical societal decisions about land and water resources, the environment, and geologic hazards. This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. GROAT, Director Printed in April 2000. Manuscript approved for release July 16, 1999. Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government or State governments. Copies of this report are for sale by: U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 or call the toll-free telephone number 1–888–ASK–USGS For more information, contact: Chief Scientist State Geologist and Director Eastern Earth Surface Processes Team Indiana Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey 611 N. Walnut Grove Ave. National Center, MS 926A Bloomington, IN 47405 Reston, VA 20192 State Geologist and Chief Program Coordinator Michigan Geological Survey Division National Cooperative Geologic P.O. Box 30256 Mapping Program Lansing, MI 48909 U.S. Geological Survey National Center, MS 908 State Geologist and Chief Reston, VA 20192 Ohio Division of Geological Survey 4384 Fountain Square Drive State Geologist and Chief Columbus, OH 43224 Illinois State Geological Survey 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820 CONTENTS Summary . 1 Problem Statement . 1 Central Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition—Addressing Geologic Mapping Needs . 1 Three-Year Pilot-Study Phase and the Fourteen-Year Intensive Mapping Phase. 2 Staffing the Program Teams . 2 Costs of the Program. 3 Expected Outcomes, Benefits, and Products . 3 Introduction . 3 The Central Great Lakes Geologic Mapping Coalition and its Mission . 5 Goals of the Program . 6 Purpose and Scope of this Report . 6 Acknowledgments. 6 Benefits of Geologic Mapping . 7 Economic Benefit-Cost Analysis