Energy Service Market in the EU Status review and recommendations 2019 Boza-Kiss, B., Toleikyté, A., Bertoldi, P. 2019 EUR 29979 EN This publication is a Science for Policy report by the Joint Research Centre (JRC), the European Commission’s science and knowledge service. It aims to provide evidence-based scientific support to the European policymaking process. The scientific output expressed does not imply a policy position of the European Commission. Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use that might be made of this publication. For information on the methodology and quality underlying the data used in this publication for which the source is neither Eurostat nor other Commission services, users should contact the referenced source. The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the European Union concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Contact information Name: Paolo Bertoldi Address: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy Email: [email protected] Tel.: +39 033278-9299 EU Science Hub https://ec.europa.eu/jrc JRC118815 EUR 29979 EN PDF ISBN 978-92-76-13093-2 ISSN 1831-9424 doi:10.2760/768 Print ISBN 978-92-76-13092-5 ISSN 1018-5593 doi:10.2760/45761 Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2019 © European Union, 2019 The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Commission Decision 2011/833/EU of 12 December 2011 on the reuse of Commission documents (OJ L 330, 14.12.2011, p. 39). Except otherwise noted, the reuse of this document is authorised under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that reuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not owned by the EU, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. All content © European Union, 2019, except: where indicated otherwise Cover photo: Adobe Stock How to cite this report: How to cite this report: Boza-Kiss, B., Toleikyté, A., Bertoldi, P. 2019. Energy Service Market in the EU - Status review and recommendations 2019. Scientific and Technical Report. European ESCO Market Reports series. EUR 29979 EN, European Commission, Luxembourg, 2019, ISBN 978-92-76-13093-2, doi:10.2760/768, JRC118815. X X - NA - XXXXX - EN - Contents C Executive summary ............................................................................................... 1 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 3 What ESCOs are ................................................................................................ 3 Data sources and methodologies ......................................................................... 8 1.1.1 Expert survey ........................................................................................ 9 1.1.2 Document analysis and national reporting in the context of EU policy framework .................................................................................................... 9 1.1.3 Assessment and data in the Member State fiches ....................................... 9 1.1.4 Limitations .......................................................................................... 10 How to read .................................................................................................... 11 2 ESCO market development in the EU and the Member States ................................ 12 Development of the ESCO markets since 2015 .................................................... 12 Main barriers across Member States ................................................................... 17 Key drivers across Member States ..................................................................... 19 Maturity of the ESCO markets ........................................................................... 21 3 Policy framework of the ESCO markets ............................................................... 26 EU policies for energy services and ESCO markets ............................................... 26 Energy Efficiency Directive, Article 18 ................................................................ 29 Other policies as drivers ................................................................................... 35 4 Conclusions and recommendations .................................................................... 37 4.2. Market needs and the potential ................................................................... 37 4.3. Learning from developed ESCO markets ...................................................... 38 4.4. Recommendations for Kick-starting and up-scaling ........................................ 40 4.5. Future aspiration for improvement .............................................................. 44 4.5.1. Developing and regaining trust ................................................................ 44 4.5.2. Understanding the benefits ...................................................................... 45 4.5.3. On the road to decarbonisation ................................................................ 46 4.5.4. Financing and fiscal concerns ................................................................... 46 5 Annex I. – Country Fiches ................................................................................. 48 Austria ........................................................................................................... 48 Belgium .......................................................................................................... 52 Bulgaria ......................................................................................................... 57 Cyprus ........................................................................................................... 61 Croatia ........................................................................................................... 64 Czech Republic ................................................................................................ 68 Denmark ........................................................................................................ 72 Estonia ........................................................................................................... 75 Finland ........................................................................................................... 78 France ............................................................................................................ 80 Germany ........................................................................................................ 84 Greece ........................................................................................................... 88 Hungary ......................................................................................................... 91 Ireland ........................................................................................................... 95 Italy ............................................................................................................... 98 Latvia........................................................................................................... 103 Lithuania ...................................................................................................... 107 Luxembourg.................................................................................................. 110 Malta ........................................................................................................... 111 The Netherlands ............................................................................................ 113 Poland .......................................................................................................... 116 Portugal ....................................................................................................... 119 Romania ....................................................................................................... 122 Slovakia ....................................................................................................... 125 Slovenia ....................................................................................................... 128 Spain ........................................................................................................... 133 Sweden ........................................................................................................ 138 United Kingdom ............................................................................................. 140 6 Annex II. – Questionnaire ............................................................................... 144 7 Annex III - European and national ESCO projects .............................................. 157 8 Literature and personal communications ........................................................... 160 List of literature ............................................................................................. 160 Personal communication ................................................................................. 163 Abbreviations