California Energy Commission City & County of San Francisco Alternative Fuel Vehicle Readiness Plan Prepared for: California Energy Commission Prepared by: City and County of San Francisco Department of the Environment and EV Alliance California Energy Commission Edmund G. Brown Jr., Governor February 2017 | CEC-XXX-XXXX-XXX i California Energy Commission Primary Author(s): Richard Schorske EV Alliance 2606 Albany Avenue Davis, CA 95616 Contract Number: ARV 13-053 Prepared for: California Energy Commission Jessie Denver City and County of San Francisco Department of the Environment Project Manager Suzanne Loosen City and County of San Francisco Department of the Environment Project Coordinator Patrick Brecht Commission Agreement Manager Robert P. Oglesby Executive Director DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as the result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission. It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees, or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the uses of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the California Energy Commission nor has the California Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The planning process for the San Francisco Alternative Fuel Vehicle Readiness Plan was initiated by the City and County of San Francisco in cooperation with the Electric Vehicle Alliance. This California Energy Commission grant has been administered by the San Francisco Department of the Environment. The planning process has been supported by members of the San Francisco Alternative Fuel Readiness Technical Advisory Committee. The Technical Advisory Committee includes representatives of CALSTART, Clean Energy Fuels, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Francisco Municipal Transportation Authority, the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, the San Francisco General Services Administration (Fleet Services), Propel Fuels, the San Francisco Department of Environment, Recology, and Veritable Vegetable. The goals of the AFV readiness planning process are to accelerate adoption of AFVs and promote the deployment and use of alternative fuel infrastructure in the City and County of San Francisco and immediately surrounding areas. ii PREFACE Assembly Bill 118 (Núñez, Chapter 750, Statutes of 2007), created the Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program (ARFVT Program). The statute, subsequently amended by Assembly Bill 109 (Núñez; Chapter 313, Statutes of 2008), authorizes the California Energy Commission to develop and deploy alternative and renewable fuels and advanced transportation technologies to help attain the state’s climate change policies. The Energy Commission has an annual program budget of about $100 million and provides financial support for projects that: Develop and improve alternative and renewable low-carbon fuels. Enhance alternative and renewable fuels for existing and developing engine technologies. Produce alternative and renewable low-carbon fuels in California. Decrease, on a full-fuel-cycle basis, the overall impact and carbon footprint of alternative and renewable fuels, and increase sustainability. Expand fuel infrastructure, fueling stations, and equipment. Improve light, medium, and heavy-duty vehicle technologies. Retrofit medium and heavy-duty on-road and non-road vehicle fleets. Expand infrastructure connected with existing fleets, public transit, and transportation corridors. Establish workforce training programs, conduct public education and promotion, and create technology centers. The California Energy Commission provided funding opportunities under the ARFVT Program to produce a comprehensive Alternative Fuel Vehicle Readiness Plan for the City and County of San Francisco. iii ABSTRACT This Alternative Fuel Vehicle (AFV) Readiness Plan for the City and County of San Francisco is intended to guide the development of the City’s AFV readiness policies and infrastructure. The development and deployment of AFVs ready infrastructure, policies, and incentives are intended to encourage local residents and fleet managers to utilize AFVs with reduced emissions of greenhouse gases and toxic air contaminants. Key benefits of adopting Alternative Fuel Vehicles include improvement in local air quality, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions that impact climate change, increased use of renewable energy and sustainable biofuels, more efficient use of existing grid energy via off-peak Plug-in Electric Vehicle charging and energy storage, and increased energy security through reduction in the use of petroleum fuels. Keywords: California Energy Commission, Plug-In Vehicle, AFV Readiness Plan, City and County of San Francisco. Please use the following citation for this report: Schorske, Richard, 2017. Alternative Fuel Vehicle Readiness Plan for the City and County of San Francisco. California Energy Commission, Publication Number: CEC-XXX-XXXX-XXX. iv Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. xiv CHAPTER 1: Overview and Key Recommendations .......................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 The San Francisco AFV Readiness Plan in State, Regional, and Local Context ...................... 2 1.3 Key Recommendations ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Plug-in Electric Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure ......................................................... 5 1.3.2 Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles and Hydrogen Infrastructure .................................................. 12 1.3.3 Natural Gas Vehicles and Infrastructure .............................................................................. 13 1.3.4 Biofuel Vehicles .......................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 2: Policy and Market Context for Alternative Fuel and Vehicle Planning ............... 16 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Policy Leadership of California ..................................................................................................... 17 2.2.1 Vehicle Emissions, Fuel Standards and the ZEV Mandate ................................................ 17 2.2.2 Creation of the Air Quality Improvement Program and the Alternative and Renewable Fuel and Vehicle Technology Program ............................................................. 18 2.3 San Francisco Clean Transportation Policies and Goals .......................................................... 22 2.3.1 GHG Emissions Goals: San Francisco’s Climate Action Plan ............................................ 22 2.3.2 San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency Goals .................................................... 23 2.3.3 San Francisco Transportation Plan Goals ............................................................................ 24 2.3.4 The San Francisco Clean Air Plan – Zero Emissions 2020 ................................................ 25 2.3.5. Existing Policies to Reduce Transportation Emissions and Promote AFV Use in San Francisco ..................................................................................................................................... 25 2.4 Vehicle Overview –San Francisco .................................................................................................. 26 2.4.1 San Francisco Vehicle Ownership and Registration Overview ......................................... 26 2.4.2 Private Fleets Domiciled in San Francisco ............................................................................ 27 2.4.3 Trucks in California and San Francisco ................................................................................ 28 2.5 Alternative Fuel Vehicle Type Overview and Citywide Inventory .......................................... 32 2.5.1 Plug-in Electric Vehicles ........................................................................................................... 32 v 2.5.2 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) ...................................................................... 34 2.5.3 Biofuels ........................................................................................................................................ 35 2.5.4 Natural Gas Vehicles ................................................................................................................. 36 2.5.5 AFV Fueling Infrastructure ...................................................................................................... 38 2.6 AFV Environmental Impacts and Market Trends ...................................................................... 40 2.6.1 Emissions Comparison of AFV Types ................................................................................... 40 2.6.2 Long Term Adoption