Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 47030-001 November 2015 People's Republic of China: Jiangxi Pingxiang Integrated Rural-Urban Infrastructure Development— Final Report SD4: Poverty and Social Analysis (Financed by the ADB's Technical Assistance Special Fund and Cofinanced by the Multi-Donor Trust Fund under the Water Financing Partnership Facility) Prepared by AECOM Asia Company Ltd. Hong Kong, China For Pingxiang Municipal Government This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. ADB-financed Jiangxi Pingxiang Integrated Rural-Urban Infrastructure Development Project (TA-8451 PRC) Poverty and Social Analysis Report (Draft) November 15, 2014 1 / 108 Contents 1 BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 7 2 RATIONALE ........................................................................................................... 15 3 METHODOLOGY................................................................................................... 17 4 SOCIOECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA .................................. 19 4.1 POPULATION AND STRUCTURE ........................................................................................................................ 19 4.2 ECONOMIC CONDITIONS .................................................................................................................................. 20 4.3 EDUCATION ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 4.4 HEALTH............................................................................................................................................................. 26 5 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 30 5.1 PROJECT AREA AND BENEFICIARY POPULATION ............................................................................................. 30 5.2 PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS ................................................................................................................................ 31 5.3 SECONDARY STAKEHOLDERS .......................................................................................................................... 33 5.4 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND CONSULTATION ................................................................................................... 35 6 POVERTY ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 40 6.1 POVERTY IN THE PROJECT AREA .................................................................................................................... 40 6.2 POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY AND MEASURES ........................................................................................ 43 6.3 IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT ON POVERTY REDUCTION .................................................................................... 43 7 GENDER ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 45 7.1 GENDER DEVELOPMENT .................................................................................................................................. 45 7.2 GENDER DEVELOPMENT IN THE PROJECT ...................................................................................................... 47 8 ETHNIC MINORITY ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 50 9 SOCIAL BENEFITS AND RISKS OF THE RURAL-URBAN TRANSPORT COMPONENT .............................................................................................................. 51 9.1 CURRENT ROAD CONDITIONS ......................................................................................................................... 51 9.2 PUBLIC TRAFFIC BEHAVIOR AND CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................... 51 9.3 SOCIAL BENEFITS ............................................................................................................................................ 55 9.4 SOCIAL RISKS .................................................................................................................................................. 63 10 SOCIAL BENEFITS AND RISKS OF THE WASTEWATER COMPONENT ...... 68 10.1 PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT ................................................................................... 68 10.2 SOCIAL BENEFITS ............................................................................................................................................ 74 10.3 SOCIAL RISKS .................................................................................................................................................. 75 11 SOCIAL BENEFITS AND RISKS OF THE INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT COMPONENT .............................................................................................................. 78 11.1 PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS OF RIVERS AND THE WATER ENVIRONMENT .............................................................. 78 11.2 SOCIAL BENEFITS ............................................................................................................................................ 80 11.3 SOCIAL RISKS .................................................................................................................................................. 83 12 OTHER SOCIAL BENEFITS ................................................................................. 90 12.1 EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION .............................................................................................................................. 90 12.2 IMPROVING PUBLIC HEALTH ............................................................................................................................ 92 12.3 INCREASING LAND AND HOUSING PRICES IN CERTAIN AREAS ....................................................................... 94 12.4 DRIVING URBAN-RURAL INTEGRATION ............................................................................................................ 95 13 OTHER SOCIAL RISKS ........................................................................................ 97 13.1 ABILITY AND WILLINGNESS TO PAY .................................................................................................................. 97 13.2 LAND ACQUISITION AND HOUSE DEMOLITION ................................................................................................. 98 2 / 108 13.3 PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DURING CONSTRUCTION ............................................. 99 13.4 EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR RIGHTS PROTECTION OF THE POOR AND VULNERABLE GROUPS ....................... 99 14 ACTION PLANS .................................................................................................. 100 ATTACHMENT: PHOTOS OF TYPICAL ISSUES .................................................... 101 APPENDIX 1: TABLES OF HOUSEHOLD SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC SURVEY DATA FROM SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE APPENDIX 2: KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWS AND FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS FOR PINGXIANG SOCIAL SURVEY List of Tables and Figures TABLE 1: POPULATION OF THE PROJECT AREA AND STRUCTURE (2012) (UNIT: 0,000) ................................................................... 19 TABLE 2: EMPLOYED POPULATION OF THE PROJECT AREA AND STRUCTURE (2012) (UNIT: 0,000) .................................................... 20 TABLE 3: ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE PROJECT AREA (2012) ................................................................................................. 21 TABLE 4: COMPARISON OF INCOME OF URBAN AND RURAL RESIDENTS IN THE PROJECT AREA (2012) ................................................ 23 TABLE 5: FISCAL REVENUE INDICATORS IN THE PROJECT AREA (2012) .......................................................................................... 23 TABLE 6: COMPARISON OF NUMBERS OF SCHOOLS IN JIANGXI (2012) .......................................................................................... 25 TABLE 7: AVERAGE NUMBER OF STUDENTS AT SCHOOL PER 100,000 PEOPLE ............................................................................... 25 TABLE 8: AVERAGE NUMBER OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STUDENTS AT SCHOOL PER 10,000 PEOPLE ............................................. 25 TABLE 9: OVERVIEW OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION (%) ............................................................................................................... 25 TABLE 10: NUMBERS OF SCHOOLS IN JIANGXI (2012) ............................................................................................................... 26 TABLE 11: NUMBER OF MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS (2012) ............................................................................................................ 26 TABLE 12: MEDICAL WORKFORCE (2012) .............................................................................................................................. 26 TABLE 13: MEDICAL WORKFORCE PER 10,000 PEOPLE (2012) .................................................................................................. 27 TABLE 14: MEDICAL EXPENSES .............................................................................................................................................