coming up in Dædalus: Dædalus Dædalus on body in mind Antonio & Hanna Damasio, Jerry Fodor, Carol Gilligan, Gerald Edelman, Jorie Graham, Raymond Dolan, Arne Öhman, Mark Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences Johnson, Jacques d’Amboise, and William E. Connolly Fall 2005 on the humanities Patricia Meyer Spacks, Steven Marcus, Andrew Delbanco, Pauline Yu, Gerald Early, Anthony Grafton, Thomas Crow, Jack Balkin & Sanford Levinson, and Dag½nn Follesdal & Michael L. years 2005: 50 Fall Friedman 50 years David Baltimore Limiting science: a biologist’s perspective (1978) 7 Lorraine Daston Fear & loathing of the imagination in science (1998) 16 on aging Henry J. Aaron, Paul Baltes, Linda Partridge, Dennis J. Selkoe, Caleb E. Finch, Sarah Harper, Chris Wilson, Jagadeesh Gokhale Steven Weinberg Physics & history (1998) 31 & Kent Smetters, Hillard Kaplan, and Lisa Berkman Robert N. Bellah Civil religion in America (1967) 40 Clifford Geertz Deep play: notes on the Balinese cock½ght (1972) 56 on identity Akeel Bilgrami, Wendy Doniger, Amartya Sen, Stephen Greenblatt, Robert M. Solow How did economics get that way Kwame Anthony Appiah, Sydney Shoemaker, Joseph Koerner, & what way did it get? (1997) 87 Susan Green½eld, David A. Hollinger, Claudio Lomnitz, Carol Rovane, Todd E. Feinberg, and Courtney Jung Thomas C. Schelling Reciprocal measures for arms stabilization (1960) 101 John Hope Franklin Two worlds of race (1965) 118 on nonviolence William H. McNeill, Adam Michnik, Jonathan Schell, James Carroll, Jill K. Conway Politics, pedagogy & gender (1987) 134 & violence Breyten Breytenbach, Mark Juergensmeyer, Steven LeBlanc, James Blight, Cindy Ness, Neil L. Whitehead, and Mia Bloom Tu Wei-ming Cultural China (1991) 145 Amartya Sen Indian traditions (1997) 168 on sex Joan Roughgarden, Terry Castle, Steven Marcus, Claudia Goldin, Brian Charlesworth, Elizabeth Benedict, Wendy Doniger, Lawrence Robert Frost On Emerson (1959) 186 Cohen, Anne Fausto-Sterling, Catharine MacKinnon, Tim Birkhead, Umberto Eco Modern & postmodern aesthetics (1985) 191 Margo Jefferson, and others Susan Sontag On beauty (2002) 208 on capitalism Joyce Appleby, John C. Bogle, Lucian Bebchuk, Robert W. Fogel, & democracy Jerry Z. Muller, Peter Bernstein, and others plus poetry by Charles Wright, Peg Boyers, Kevin Carrizo di Camillo, John Kinsella, Charles Simic &c.; ½ction by Ree Davis, Adam Braver, Dorian Gossy &c.; and notes by Robert F. Nagel, Jeri Laber, Michael Cook, Norbert Schwarz, Joel F. Handler, William B. Quandt, William Galston, Richard Morris, Robert J. Sharer & c. U.S. $13; www.amacad.org FOUNDED 1780 Inside front cover: A late nineteenth-century postcard, showing a Fourth-of-July fête. See Robert N. Bellah on Civil religion in America, pages 40–55: “Holidays provide an annual ritual calendar for the civil reli- gion.” Image © PoodlesRock/Corbis. James Miller, Editor of Dædalus Phyllis S. Bendell, Managing Editor and Director of Publications Esther Yoo, Assistant Editor Contributing Editors: Robert S. Boynton, D. Graham Burnett, Peter Pesic, Danny Postel Board of editors Steven Marcus, Editor of the Academy Russell Banks, Fiction Adviser Rosanna Warren, Poetry Adviser Joyce Appleby (u.s. history, ucla), Stanley Hoffmann (government, Harvard), Donald Kennedy (environmental science, Stanford), Martha C. Nussbaum (law and philosophy, Chicago), Neil J. Smelser (sociology, Berkeley), Steven Weinberg (physics, University of Texas at Austin); ex of½cio: Patricia Meyer Spacks (President of the Academy), Leslie Cohen Berlowitz (Executive Of½cer) Editorial advisers Daniel Bell (sociology, Harvard), Michael Boudin (law, u.s. Court of Appeals), Wendy Doniger (religion, Chicago), Howard Gardner (education, Harvard), Clifford Geertz (anthropology, Institute for Advanced Study), Carol Gluck (Asian history, Columbia), Stephen Greenblatt (English, Harvard), Thomas Laqueur (European history, Berkeley), Alan Lightman (English and physics, mit), Steven Pinker (psychology, Harvard), Diane Ravitch (education, nyu), Amartya Sen (economics, Harvard), Richard Shweder (human development, Chicago), Frank Wilczek (physics, mit) Dædalus is designed by Alvin Eisenman Dædalus Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences The pavement labyrinth once in the nave of Reims Cathedral (1240), in a drawing, with ½gures of the architects, by Jacques Cellier (c. 1550–1620). Dædalus was founded in 1955 and established as a quarterly in 1958. The journal’s namesake was renowned in ancient Greece as an inventor, scientist, and unriddler of riddles. Its emblem, a maze seen from above, symbolizes the aspiration of its founders to “lift each of us above his cell in the labyrinth of learning in order that he may see the entire structure as if from above, where each separate part loses its comfortable separateness.” The American Academy of Arts & Sciences, like its journal, brings together distinguished individuals from every ½eld of human endeavor. It was chartered in 1780 as a forum “to cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honour, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people.” Now in its third century, the Academy, with its more than four thousand elected members, continues to provide intellectual leadership to meet the critical challenges facing our world. Dædalus Fall 2005 Subscription rates: Electronic only for non- Issued as Volume 134, Number 4 member individuals–$38; institutions–$86. Canadians add 7% gst. Print and electronic © 2005 by the American Academy for nonmember individuals–$42; institu- of Arts & Sciences tions–$96. Canadians add 7% gst. Outside An argument about beauty the United States and Canada add $20 for © Susan Sontag postage and handling. Prices subject to change Editorial of½ces: Dædalus, Norton’s Woods, without notice. 136 Irving Street, Cambridge ma 02138. Institutional subscriptions are on a volume- Phone: 617 491 2600. Fax: 617 576 5088. year basis. All other subscriptions begin with Email: [email protected]. the next available issue. Library of Congress Catalog No. 12-30299 Single issues: current issues–$13; back issues isbn 0-87724-051-5 for individuals–$13; back issues for institu- tions–$26. Outside the United States and Dædalus publishes by invitation only and as- Canada add $5 per issue for postage and han- sumes no responsibility for unsolicited manu- dling. Prices subject to change without notice. scripts. The views expressed are those of the author of each article, and not necessarily of Claims for missing issues will be honored free the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. of charge if made within three months of the issn e-issn publication date of the issue. Claims may be Dædalus ( 0011-5266; 1548-6192) is submitted to [email protected]. Mem- published quarterly (winter, spring, summer, mit ma bers of the American Academy please direct all fall) by The Press, Cambridge 02142, questions and claims to [email protected]. for the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. An electronic full-text version of Dædalus is Advertising and mailing-list inquiries may be available from The mit Press. Subscription addressed to Marketing Department, mit and address changes should be addressed to Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, mit Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2866. Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2889. Fax: 617 258 5028. Email: journals-info@ Fax: 617 577 1545. Email: journals-orders@ mit.edu. mit.edu. Permission to photocopy articles for internal Printed in the United States of America by or personal use is granted by the copyright Cadmus Professional Communications, owner for users registered with the Copyright Science Press Division, 300 West Chestnut Clearance Center (ccc) Transactional Report- Street, Ephrata pa 17522. ing Service, provided that the per copy fee of $10 per article is paid directly to the ccc, Newsstand distribution by Ingram Periodicals ma tn 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers 01923. The Inc., 18 Ingram Blvd., La Vergne 37086. fee code for users of the Transactional Report- Phone: 800 627 6247. ing Service is 0011-5266/05. Address all other inquiries to the Subsidiary Rights Manager, Postmaster: Send address changes to mit Press Journals, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, Dædalus, 238 Main Street, Suite 500, Cambridge Cambridge ma 02142. Phone: 617 253 2864. ma 02142. Periodicals postage paid at Boston ma Fax: 617 258 5028. Email: journals-rights@ and at additional mailing of½ces. mit.edu. The typeface is Cycles, designed by Sumner Stone at the Stone Type Foundry of Guinda ca. Each size of Cycles has been separately designed in the tradition of metal types. This year marks the 50th anniversary of Dædalus and the 225th anniversary of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Dædalus was founded as the Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1955 and established as a quarterly in 1958. Dædalus takes its place in a series of lic. This was no easy task. By 1955, after distinguished Academy journals and all, specialization had beset every ½eld of publications. The ½rst and longest-lived the arts and sciences. Dædalus was de- was the Memoirs of the American Academy signed, in part, to remedy this situation. of Arts & Sciences, which consisted largely Over the years, the journal has evolved of learned papers submitted to the Acad- into a preeminent forum for interdisci- emy for publication. Appearing ½rst in plinary work, complementing the Acad- 1785, the Memoirs were published, apart emy’s other activities by bringing a vari- from a few interruptions, until 1946, ety of specialists from every ½eld of en- when they were replaced by the Bulletin deavor into ongoing contact with edu- of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. cated readers from all walks of life. In the meantime, the Academy had be- To celebrate these two anniversaries– gun to distribute a second publication, the 225th of the Academy and the 50th the Proceedings of the American Academy of its journal–we have selected a few es- of Arts & Sciences, which reported on the says that reflect the quality and range of intellectual activities of the Academy. what Dædalus has published over the Eighty-½ve volumes of the Proceedings years.