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The Univer- sity operates through a worldwide network of research and training centres and programmes, and its planning and coordinating centre in Tokyo. National interest and international solidarity National interest and international solidarity: Particular and universal ethics in international life Edited by Jean-Marc Coicaud and Nicholas J. Wheeler United Nations a University Press TOKYO u NEW YORK u PARIS 6 United Nations University, 2008 The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not nec- essarily reflect the views of the United Nations University. United Nations University Press United Nations University, 53-70, Jingumae 5-chome, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan Tel: þ81-3-3499-2811 Fax: þ81-3-3406-7345 E-mail: [email protected] general enquiries: [email protected] http://www.unu.edu United Nations University Office at the United Nations, New York 2 United Nations Plaza, Room DC2-2062, New York, NY 10017, USA Tel: þ1-212-963-6387 Fax: þ1-212-371-9454 E-mail: [email protected] United Nations University Press is the publishing division of the United Nations University. Cover design by Mea Rhee Printed in Hong Kong ISBN 978-92-808-1147-6 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National interest and international solidarity : particular and universal ethics in international life / edited by Jean-Marc Coicaud and Nicholas J. Wheeler. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-9280811476 (pbk.) 1. National interest. 2. International relations. 3. International cooperation— Case studies. I. Coicaud, Jean-Marc. II. Wheeler, Nicholas J. JZ1320.3.N38 2008 172 0.4—dc22 2007037007 To Jeffrey Gross Contents Contributors .......................................................... viii Acknowledgements . ............................ xi Introduction: The changing ethics of power beyond borders . 1 Jean-Marc Coicaud and Nicholas J. Wheeler Part I Solidarity versus security ..................................... 25 1 India and Pakistan: From zero-sum to shared security . 27 Samina Yasmeen 2 Sino–USrelations:A nascentsecurityregime? .................. 56 Alan Collins Part II Assessing the logic of solidarity and national interest in great power interventionism ....................................... 85 3 Cultures of solidarity and national interest: Russia’s conflict managementpolicies............................................... 87 Ekaterina Stepanova 4 International intervention in Central Asia: The triumph of geopolitics? . ............................ 120 Parviz Mullojanov CONTENTS vii 5 Constructions of solidarity: The US and the EU in the Israeli– Palestinian conflict ................................................. 151 Mira Sucharov 6 Beyond geopolitics and solidarism: Interpenetrated sovereignty, transnational conflict and the United States’ ‘‘PlanColombia’’................................................... 176 Doug Stokes Part III Toward an ethics of human solidarity ..................... 205 7 An intersection of interests and values: US foreign policy towardAfrica ...................................................... 207 Timothy W. Docking 8 Geopolitics and solidarity on the borders of Europe: TheYugoslavwarsofsuccession.................................. 230 Alex J. Bellamy 9 Is East Timor an exception in the Southeast Asian landscape? . 261 Geoffrey C. Gunn Conclusion: Making sense of national interest and international solidarity............................................................ 288 Jean-Marc Coicaud Index.................................................................. 302 Contributors Alex J. Bellamy is Professor of Alan Collins is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the the Department of Politics and University of Queensland, Australia. International Relations at Swansea His research interests include University, United Kingdom. He is humanitarian intervention, peace the author of Security and Southeast operations, the responsibility to Asia: Domestic, Regional and protect and the ethics and laws of Global Issues and the editor of war. His most recent book is Just Contemporary Security Studies. Wars: From Cicero to Iraq.Heis He has published articles on currently writing a book on the international security with a ethics of terrorism. particular interest in Southeast Asia in Pacific Review, Asian Jean-Marc Coicaud heads the UNU Survey and International Relations office at the United Nations in New of the Asia-Pacific. York. He has served as Senior Academic Officer in the Peace and Timothy W. Docking is Senior Governance Programme at UNU in Advisor to the CEO of Millennium Tokyo and in the Executive Office Challenge Corporation (MCC). of the United Nations Secretary- Since joining MCC in 2004 he has General as a speechwriter for Dr. managed the front office and helped Boutros Boutros-Ghali. Coicaud is to lead the US$2 billion per year the author, co-author and co-editor international development agency of a number of books focusing on during its start-up phase. He also authoritarian democracy, political servedasaWhiteHouseFellow legitimacy and international ethics. (2003–2004) and, prior to that (2000– He has recently published Beyond 2003), he directed research on African the National Interest. affairs at the US Institute of Peace. viii CONTRIBUTORS ix Geoffrey C. Gunn is currently Relations in Operations Other Than Professor of International Relations War, and co-editor/co-author of in the Faculty of Economics, Kosovo: International Aspects of the Nagasaki University. He has Crisis. previously held academic positions in Garyounis University (Libya), the Doug Stokes is Senior Lecturer in University of New South Wales, the International Relations at the National University of Singapore University of Kent, Canterbury, and and Universiti Brunei Darrusalam. has published extensively on US In 2000 he served as consultant to foreign policy, US intervention and the UNTAET mission in East international relations theory. He is Timor. Gunn’s most recent book is currently working on two new First Globalization: The Eurasian books, one provisionally titled US Exchange 1500–1800. Hegemony and Transnational Conflict, and an edited volume with Parviz Mullojanov is Executive Michael Cox titled US Foreign Director of the Public Committee Policy: From Republic to for Democratic Processes, a Tajik Hyperpower. non-governmental organization that is an outgrowth of the Inter-Tajik Mira Sucharov is Associate Professor Dialogue, an American–Russian of Political Science at Carleton peace initiative. He has been a University in Ottawa, Canada. She member of Inter-Tajik Dialogue is the author of The International since1997.Inthemid-1990she Self: Psychoanalysis and the Search worked for Human Rights Watch for Israeli–Palestinian Peace,and Helsinki, UNCHR and the African has published articles on global Development Bank offices in politics, foreign policy and the Dushanbe. Arab–Israeli peace process. Her upcoming project investigates the Ekaterina Stepanova is Project Leader roots of loyalty in international on Armed Conflicts and Conflict relations. Management at the Stockholm International Peace Research Nicholas J. Wheeler is Professor Institute, where she is head of the of International Politics at research group on unconventional Aberystwyth University, UK. threats, on leave of absence from He has authored a number of the Center for International publications, most prominently Security, Institute of World Saving Strangers: Humanitarian Economy and International Intervention in International Society. Relations, Moscow. She is a guest His new book (with Ken Booth) is lecturer at the Geneva Centre for The Security Dilemma: Fear, Security Policy. She is the author of Cooperation and Trust in World The Role of Illicit Drug Business in Politics (Palgrave Macmillan, the Political Economy of Conflicts forthcoming). and Terrorism, Anti-terrorism and Peace-building during and after Samina Yasmeen, Associate Professor, Conflict and Civil-Military is director of the Centre for Muslim x CONTRIBUTORS States and Societies and lectures in specialist in political and strategic political science and international developments in South Asia, the relations in the School of Social and role of Islam in world politics and Cultural Studies, University of citizenship among immigrant Western Australia, Perth. She is a women. Acknowledgements This book is the product of a research project conducted under the auspices of the Peace and Governance Programme of the United Nations Univer- sity, based in Tokyo. Over the course of the project, the editors and au- thors benefited from the hospitality