Knowl. Org. 39(2012)No.5 347 Ph. A. Homan. Library Catalog Notes for “Bad Books”: Ethics vs. Responsibilities Library Catalog Notes for “Bad Books”: Ethics vs. Responsibilities Philip A. Homan Eli M. Oboler Library, Idaho State University, 921 South 8th Avenue, Stop 8089, Pocatello, ID 83209-8089, <[email protected]> Philip A. Homan is Instruction Librarian, history bibliographer, and Associate Professor at the Eli M. Oboler Library of Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho. Phil graduated with the MLS in 2002 from St. John’s University in New York City, where he studied cataloging with Sherry Vellucci, as well as in- dexing and thesaurus construction with Bella Hass Weinberg. He also holds an MA in Religious Studies from Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington, and is ABD in Theology from Fordham University, The Bronx, New York. His academic interests include library catalog notes for “bad books,” as well as the history of the American West. Homan, Philip A. Library Catalog Notes for “Bad Books”: Ethics vs. Responsibilities. Knowledge Or- ganization. 39(5), 347-355. 46 references. ABSTRACT: The conflict between librarians’ ethics and their responsibilities in the process of progressive collection manage- ment, which applies the principles of cost accounting to libraries, to call attention to the “bad books” in their collections that are compromised by age, error, abridgement, expurgation, plagiarism, copyright violation, libel, or fraud, is discussed. According to Charles Cutter, notes in catalog records should call attention to the best books but ignore the bad ones. Libraries that can afford to keep their “bad books,” however, which often have a valuable second life, must call attention to their intellectual contexts in notes in the catalog records. Michael Bellesiles’s Arming America, the most famous case of academic fraud at the turn of the twenty-first century, is used as a test case. Given the bias of content enhancement that automatically pulls content from the Web into library catalogs, catalog notes for “bad books” may be the only way for librarians to uphold their ethical principles regarding collection management while fulfilling their professional responsibilities to their users in calling attention to their “bad books.” Received 16 July 2012; Accepted 16 July 2012 1.0 Introduction 35). Indeed, by changing the names of their depart- ments from Technical Services to Collection Man- In two recent issues of Public Library Quarterly, Jim agement, catalog librarians are abandoning their Jatkevicius advocates what he calls “progressive col- mark-it-and-park-it mentality and acknowledging lection management” (2003, 31). Librarians, he says, their ongoing responsibility for the books in their have at least three opportunities to reevaluate the collections, the ethical principles of the profession books in their libraries’ collections: as the books age regarding collection management found in the Ame- and decay, as library patrons challenge them, or as the rican Library Association’s Library Bill of Rights librarians discover that they are compromised in some (1996) and its interpretation Labeling and Rating Sys- way (2003; 2005). Moreover, Jatkevicius continues, tems (2009) notwithstanding. librarians can respond in one of two ways: they can Perhaps without realizing it, Jatkevicius has applied either withdraw an old, challenged, or compromised the principles of cost accounting in industry to librar- book from their library’s collection, or they can “en- ies. Librarians have long known that the value of a rich the record” for the book in their library’s catalog book in a library is more than its price, for there is a (2003, 32). Otherwise, he concludes, librarians are lit- cost in just getting a book on the shelf. Moreover, li- tle more than “eunuchs guarding the harem” (2003, brarians are becoming increasingly aware that keeping 348 Knowl. Org. 39(2012)No.5 Ph. A. Homan. Library Catalog Notes for “Bad Books”: Ethics vs. Responsibilities a book on the shelf costs money, too, and that there A book can also be illegal, as well as dishonest or are the costs of overhead in keeping the library open, unethical. It can violate copyright, as the United States such as heat, light, and labor, that must be added to Supreme Court decided The Nation magazine did the value of a book. Jatkevicius, however, reminds li- when it published verbatim former President Gerald brarians that the intellectual content of a book, as Ford’s account of his pardon of his predecessor Rich- well as its physical carrier, can depreciate and that a ard Nixon from his memoir, A Time to Heal, pub- book can therefore decrease in value as the ideas in it lished by Harper & Row (Harper & Row, Publishers, age, too, more or less according to its academic disci- Inc., et al. v. Nation Enterprises et al., 471 U.S. 539 pline. He also asserts that, depending on the nature of [(1985])). It can also be libelous, such as J. Millard their decay, what he calls “bad books” can have a valu- Burr’s and Robert O. Collins’s Alms for Jihad: Charity able second life that librarians can exploit in their li- and Terrorism in the Islamic World, published in 2006 braries and in their library catalogs to keep users by Cambridge University Press, which claimed that a coming back to the library. Saudi banker had financed terrorism in the 1990s. The Jatkevicius’s observation raises the question of banker, who had already won libel suits against three what librarians can do about the “bad books” in their other books, sued for libel in the United Kingdom, collections, even though they may not be legally liable and the press agreed to destroy its remaining copies of for them (Curry 2005). Should they do anything? Are the book and to ask libraries around the world to re- they dodging their professional responsibilities if they move their copy from their shelves and either return it do not? Are they violating their professional ethics if to the press or destroy it (Glenn 2007), which the they do? For libraries that can afford to keep them, li- American Library Association’s Office for Intellectual brary catalog notes for the “bad books” in their collec- Freedom advised libraries in the United States not to tions allow librarians to fulfill their responsibilities to do (Albanese and Pinkowski 2007; Eberhart 2007). their users in calling attention to the “bad books” in Finally, a book can be fraudulent, which can be their collections without violating their ethical princi- both unethical and illegal, if fraud is understood in its ples. legal sense as a lie intended to rob people of their property or rights. Michael Bellesiles’s Arming Amer- 2.0 Types of “bad books” ica: The Origins of a National Gun Culture, published by Alfred A. Knopf in 2000, likely the most famous What can librarians do about books in their collec- example of academic fraud at the turn of the twenty- tions that are compromised, for example, by age, er- first century, can be used as a test case. Should librari- ror, abridgment, expurgation, plagiarism, copyright ans “guard the harem” by simply ignoring the con- violation, libel, or fraud? Librarians discard outdated texts of such bad books, withdraw the books from information without too much controversy, medical their collections, welcome the automatic pulling of libraries routinely retract erroneous articles in medical content from the Web into their catalog records, or journals, and library catalogs frequently call attention rather put notes into their records to inform their us- to abridged books by means of edition statements in ers of the contexts of the “bad books” in their librar- their catalog records. ies? Librarians’ responses to other types of “bad books” are more controversial, however. A book can be ex- 3.0 Cutter’s Rules for a Dictionary Catalog purgated, or even Bowdlerized, such as the many nine- and notes in library catalogs teenth-century editions of Samuel Pepys’s colorful seventeenth-century diary with the sexual and scato- If library catalogers choose to include notes in catalog logical parts removed for sensitive Victorian readers records alerting readers to the contexts of “bad (Pepys 1970; Perrin 1992). It can also be plagiarized, books,” they can take inspiration from Charles A. such as Stephen Ambrose’s The Wild Blue: The Men Cutter’s Rules for a Printed Dictionary Catalog, pub- and Boys Who Flew the B-24s over Germany, which lished in 1876. Not only the United States centennial, copied several passages from Thomas Childers’s Wings 1876 was also an important year for libraries, since of Morning: The Story of the Last American Bomber the American Library Association was founded and Shot Down over Germany in World War II, or Doris the first edition of the Dewey Decimal Classification Kearns Goodwin’s The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys, was published that year. According to the fourth edi- which copied passages from Lynne McTaggart’s Kath- tion of Cutter’s Rules for a Dictionary Catalog, one of leen Kennedy: Her Life and Times (Hoffer 2004). the objects of a library catalog is “to assist in the Knowl. Org. 39(2012)No.5 349 Ph. A. Homan. Library Catalog Notes for “Bad Books”: Ethics vs. Responsibilities choice of a book … as to its character” (1904, 12), that few people in colonial America owned guns and and the means to that object are notes in catalog re- that America’s so-called “gun culture” began only cords. As Cutter’s Rule 284 says, “Put into notes that with industrialization during the Civil War. Bellesiles information which is … required to be given by the argued that only about 15 percent of the county pro- plan of the catalog” in order “to direct … attention … bate inventories from 1765 to 1790 in the northern to the best books” (1904, 105).