Sources of Energy Joint project 6th school of Sosnovy Bor 2nd Geniko Lykeio of Alexandrupolis Renewable Sources of Energy 2nd Geniko Lykeio of Alexandrupolis 2nd Geniko Lykeio of Alexandrupolis Solar energy Geothermal power Wind power Tidal energy Hydroelectricity Biomass Compressed natural gas Wave power SOLAR ENERGY Mary Sideri – Grade A1 Konstantina Sideri – Grade C4 Anastasia - Paraskevi Parasaki - Grade C4 Vaggelis Galdanides - Grade C4 Kouroumichaki Athanasia - Grade B1 Paschalidou Sophia - Grade B2 Papadopoulou Stefania – Grade B4 the sun: is a natural energy source that does not require the burning of fossil fuel and the associated air emissions. is considered renewable since the energy produced from the sun does not deplete any natural resources. it will never run out. What is solar energy? Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun harnessed using a range of technologies such as solar water heating (the conversion of sunlight into renewable energy for water heating using a thermal collector) solar photovoltaics (a power system designed to supply usable solar power) solar architecture (the integration of solar panel technology with modern building techniques) artificial photosynthesis (a chemical artificial process that converts sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen). It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. SOLAR ENERGY PASSIVE SOLAR ACTIVE SOLAR ENERGY ENERGY It produces electricity using a technology It produces heat and called Solar provides lighting for Photovoltaic (PV), or structures. heat, hot water or electricity using a technology called Solar Thermal. the sunlight can be used for: direct heat production, direct production of electricity in two ways: thermal and photovoltaic applications. Solar photovoltaics Photovoltaic systems convert solar radiation to electricity via a variety of methods. The most common approach is to use silicon panels, which generate an electrical current when light shines upon it. Solar photovoltaics are especially valuable for remote rural applications where it would be prohibitively expensive to supply electricity from a utility line. Solar thermal systems Solar Thermal Systems seek to store heat from the sun that can be used for a variety of purposes. Many different approaches can be employed here, including active systems, such as solar hot water heaters, and passive systems, in which careful engineering design results in a building that automatically stores and utilizes solar energy. Greenhouses are a prime candidate for passive solar sign, in which they collect solar energy on sunny days in winter and utilize it to keep the house warm at night. Advantages of using solar energy: Solar energy can prevent the consumption of fossil fuels, thus the emission of carbon dioxide which causes global climate change. It can be stored and released slowly and gradually. Installing a solar system is simple and the maintenance requires minimum attention while the resistance reaches operation for 25 year or more. Advantages of using solar energy: Solar energy can be used both in small and large devices. It is the alternative energy that seems to respond to future’s needs. Solar energy systems are generally silent. Excess energy can recharge the electric network energy. Solar technology is a perfectly mature, proven and reliable technology. Disadvantages of using solar energy: Solar energy systems do not work at night. Solar cells are currently costly and require a large initial capital investment. For larger applications, many photovoltaic cells are needed, corresponding to high investment costs and large land requirements. The cost effectiveness of a solar energy system is dependent upon the location and climate. Solar Energy in Greece Development of solar power in Greece started in 2006 and installations of photovoltaic systems skyrocketed since 2009 because of the appealing feed-in tariffs introduced and the corresponding regulations for domestic applications of rooftop solar PV. However, this mechanism overheated the market creating a big deficit in the Greek "Operator of Electricity Market". Solar Energy in Greece In August 2012, new regulations have been introduced including a temporary tax imposed on all photovoltaic power stations, licencing of new PV projects have been put on halt and the feed-in tariffs were drastically reduced. Solar Energy in Greece By December 2013, the total installed photovoltaic capacity in Greece had reached 2,419.2 MWp from which the 987.2 MWp were installed in the period between January-September 2013. Greece ranks 5th worldwide with regard to per capita installed PV capacity. Solar Energy in Greece Greece has considerable potential for the development and implementation of P/V systems. The reasons are the following: Solar panel in north Greece SOLAR POWER Development of solar power in Greece has been proposed as a way of Photovoltaic solar tracker in Kefalonia SOLAR POWER The solar energy development in Greece started in 2006 and was skyrocketed from 2009 onwards because of the high feed-in tariffs introduced and the corresponding regulations for domestic applications of IN CONCLUSION In general, the international status of the country in solar thermal is good, but it should be better. An increase of the average household and lifting existing disincentives – of short or zero financial cost. Legislate mandatory installation at least for the production of hot water. In the P/V the existing framework of incentives seems more than enough. When you understand a little about how solar energy works, it is easier to choose a system that will meet your needs. A solar powered home can generate between 75 and 100% of its own power, resulting in immediate savings now, and increased savings in the future as the cost of electricity increases with inflation. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY Vamvakerou Anna – Grade B1 Kousoutzi Evi – Grade B3 Martasidou Eleni – Grade B3 Lampriana Chondrolidou - Grade B4 Dimitra Chalvatzi – Grade B4 Sophia Paschalidou - Grade B2 Athanasia Kouroumichaki - Grade B1 Linguistic approach The adjective geothermal originates from the Greek roots γη (ge) meaning earth, and θερμος (thermos), meaning hot. History and development In the 20th century demand for electricity led to the consideration of geothermal power as a generating source. Prince Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power generator of 4 July 1904 in Larderello Italy. Later in 1911 the world's first commercial geothermal station was built there. History and development The binary cycle power station was first demonstrated in 1967 in Russia and later introduced to the USA in 1981, following the 1970s energy crisis and significant changes in regulatory policies. This technology allows the use of much power temperature resources than were previously recoverable. What is geothermal energy? What is geothermal energy? Our planet, Earth, is covered with the thick outer shell called crust, which is made up of many different rock layers and plates whose components keep on shifting and changing. Under the Earth’s crust, there is a layer of hot and molten rock called magma. Heat is continually produced there, mostly from the decay of naturally radioactive materials such as uranium and potassium. What is geothermal energy? The amount with in the earth’s surface contains 50,000 times more energy than all the oil and natural gas resources in the world. So, due to extreme heat inside the earth these rocks start developing cracks and release energy in the form of water or heat on to the earth’s surface. What is geothermal energy? To get that heat, water is pumped down an ―injection well‖. Then it filters through the cracks in the rocks where they are at a high temperature. The water then returns via the ―recovery well‖ under pressure in the form of steam. That steam is captured and is used to drive electric generators. Geothermal electricity is electricity generated from geothermal energy. Technologies in use include dry steam power stations, flash steam power stations and binary cycle power stations. Geothermal power is considered to be sustainable because the heat extraction is small compared with the Eath's heat content. The life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of geothermal electric stations are on average 45 grams of CO. There are three types of geothermal power plants: 1. dry steam 2. flash steam 3. binary cycle 1. Dry steam power plants draw from underground resources of steam. The steam is piped directly from underground wells to the power plant, where it is directed into a turbine/generator unit. 2. Flash steam power plants are the most common. This very hot water flows up through wells in the ground under its own pressure. As it flows upward, the pressure decreases and some of the hot water boils into steam. The steam is then separated from the water and used to power a turbine generator 3. Binary cycle power plants operate on water. These plants use the heat from the hot water to boil a working fluid, usually an organic compound with a low boiling point. The water and the working fluid are kept separated during the whole process, so there are little or no air emissions. History and development Geothermal electric stations have until recently been built exclusively where high temperature geothermal resources are available near the surface. The development of binary cycle power plants and improvements in drilling and extraction technology may enable enhanced geothermal systems over a much greater geographical range. Pros of the Geothermal Power 1. Significant Cost Saving: Geothermal energy generally involves low running costs since it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power. 2. Reduce Reliance on Fossil Fuel: Dependence on fossil fuels decreases with the increase in the use of geothermal energy. With the sky-rocketing prices of oil, many countries are pushing companies to adopt these clean sources of energy 3.