Chicago-Kent Law Review Volume 88 Issue 2 The Supreme Court and the American Article 15 Public April 2013 The International Criminal Court's Unjustified Jurisdiction Claims: Libya As A Case Study Jennifer Nimry Eseed Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview Part of the Criminal Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Jennifer N. Eseed, The International Criminal Court's Unjustified Jurisdiction Claims: Libya As A Case Study, 88 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 567 (2013). Available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol88/iss2/15 This Notes is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 148 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 \\jciprod01\productn\c\ckt\88-2\8sh882.txt unknown Seq: 1 8-MAY-13 17:06 STUDENT NOTES 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 148 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 148 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 \\jciprod01\productn\c\ckt\88-2\8sh882.txt unknown Seq: 2 8-MAY-13 17:06 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 148 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 149 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͵Ǧ Ǧ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣ͵͸ ǯ ǣ ȗ ȋDz dz Dz dzȌ Ǥͳ ǡ ǯ ǡǦ Ǥʹ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ͵ǡ ͳʹͳǤͶ ǡ ͳͷǡʹͲͳͳ Ǥͷ ͳͻ͹Ͳ ʹ͸ǡʹͲͳͳ ȗ ǤǤǡʹͲͳ͵ǡ ǦǢǡ Ǧ ǡ ʹͲͳͲǤ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 149 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳǤAbout the Courtǡ ǡ ǣȀȀǤ Ǧ ǤȀ̴Ȁ ȀΨʹͲΨʹͲ ȀȀΨʹͲΨʹͲ Ǥ ȋ ǤʹͷǡʹͲͳ͵ȌȏAbouttheCourtȐǤ ʹ. Jurisdiction and Admissibilityǡ ǡ ǣȀȀǤ Ǧ ǤȀ̴Ȁ ȀΨʹͲΨʹͲ Ȁ ΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲ ȀȀ ΨʹͲ ΨʹͲǤȋ ǤʹͷǡʹͲͳ͵ȌȋJurisdictionandAdmissibilityȌǤ ǡ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ Ǥ ͵ǤThe States Parties to the Rome Statuteǡ ǡ ǣȀȀǤ Ǧ ǤȀ̴ȀȀΨʹͲȀȀΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲ ΨʹͲǤȋ ǤʹͷǡʹͲͳ͵ȌȏTheStatesPartiesȐǤ ͶǤId. ͷǤICCProsecutortoopenaninvestigationinLibyaǡ ȋ Ǥ͵ǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǡǣȀȀǤ Ǧ ǤȀ̴Ȁ Ȁ ΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲ Ȁ ΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲ Ȁ ΨʹͲΨʹͲȀȀȀΨʹͲͲʹͲ͵ͳͳǤǤ ͷ͸͹ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 149 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͵Ǧ Ǧ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣ͵͸ ͷ͸ͺ CHICAGOǦKENTLAWREVIEW ȏͺͺǣʹ ǡ Dz Ǥdz͸ ͳ͹ǡʹͲͳͳǡ ͳͻ͹͵ǡ ǡ Dz dz Ǧ Ǥ͹ ǡ ǡ Ǥͺ ǡ ǡ Ǥͻ ǣȋͳȌǡ Ǧ ͳͷǡʹͲͳͳǢͳͲȋʹȌ ͵ͳǡʹͲͲͷ Ǥͳͳ ǡ Ǧ Ǥͳʹ ͸. In Swift Decisive Action, Security Council Imposes Tough Measures on Libyan Regime, Adopting Resolution 1970 in Wake of Crackdown on Protestsǡ ͸Ͷͻͳ ȋȀͳͲͳͺ͹ȀǤͳȌȋ Ǥʹ͸ǡʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀȀ ȀʹͲͳͳȀ ͳͲͳͺ͹Ǥ Ǥ ȏ In Swift Decisive ActionȐǤ ͹ǤSecurityCouncilApproves‘NoǦFlyZone’OverLibya,Authorizing‘AllNecessaryMeasures’to 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 149 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 Protect Civilians, by Vote of 10 in Favour with 5 Abstentionsǡ ͸Ͷͻͺ ȋȀͳͲʹͲͲȌȋǤͳ͹ǡʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀȀ ȀʹͲͳͳȀ ͳͲʹͲͲǤ ǤǤ ͺǤJurisdictionandAdmissibilityǡsupraʹǤ ͻǤ ǡQuestioningAuthority:ACasefortheInternationalCriminalCourt’sProseǦ cution of the Current Sudanese President, Omar AlǦBashirǡ Ͷʹ Ǥ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ͸ͺ͹ǡ ͹ͲͶ ȋʹͲͳͲȌȋ ǯ ǡ Ǧ ȌǢ ǡThe Prosecution of Sudanese President Al Bashir: Why a Security Council Deferral Would Harm the Legitimacy of the International Criminal Courtǡ ʹ͹ Ǥ ǯ Ǥ Ǥ ͹ʹ͹ǡ ͹ʹͺ ȋʹͲͳͲȌ ȋ Ǧ ǡ ͵ͻȌǢ ǡHoldinganArsonist’sFeettotheFire? TheLegalityAndEnforceabilityoftheICC’sArrestWarrantForSudanesePresidentOmarAlǦBashirǡ ʹͶǤǤ ǯǤǤͺͻ͹ǡͻͲ͵ȋʹͲͲͻȌȋ ǯ Ǧǡ ȌǤ ͳͲ. UnitedNationsSecurityCouncilResolution1970ǡ ͸Ͷͻͳ ȋȀȀͳͻ͹ͲȌȋ Ǥʹ͸ǡʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀ Ȁ̴ ǤǫαȀȀͳͻ͹ͲȋʹͲͳͳȌ ȏ Security CouncilResolution1970ȐǤ ͳͳǤ ǡsupraͻǡͻͲͺǦͲͻǤ ͳʹǤ Id.ͻͲʹǤ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 150 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͵Ǧ Ǧ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣ͵͸ ʹͲͳ͵Ȑ UNJUSTIFIEDJURISDICTIONINLIBYA ͷ͸ͻ Ǥͳ͵ǡ ǡ ǡǤͳͶ Ǧ Ǥ ǯ ǯ Ǥ ǡ ȋDz dzȌǡ Ǧ ǡ ǦǤ ͳͷǡ Ȅ ȋǤǤ ȌȄ Ǥ Ǧ ǡ Ǥ Ǧ Ǥ ǤǦ ǯ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 150 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ Ǥ ͳ͵Ǥ ǡsupraͻǡ͹ͲͶǢ ǡsupraͻǡ͹ʹͺǤ ͳͶǤ Seesupra9Ǥ ͳͷ. SecurityCouncilResolution1970ǡsupraͳͲǤ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 150 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͵Ǧ Ǧ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣ͵͸ ͷ͹Ͳ CHICAGOǦKENTLAWREVIEW ȏͺͺǣʹ ǡ Ǥ A.PoliticalHistoryandOriginoftheRecentConflict ͳͻ͸ͻ Ǥͳ͸ ǡ ǡ Ǥͳ͹ ͳͻ͹͹ǡ ǯ ǯ ǡ Dzǯ ǡdz ǤͳͺǦ Ǧ ͳͻͺͲǤͳͻ ʹͲͲʹǡ Ǣ ǡ ǯ ǤʹͲ ʹͲͲ͸ǡ Ǧ ǡǤǤ Ǧ ǡ Ǧ ǤǤ ͳͻͷ͵Ǥʹͳ ʹͲͳͲǡ̈́ͳǤͺ Ǥʹʹ B. The2011LibyanConflict ǯǦ ǡ Ǧ Ǥʹ͵ Ǧ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 150 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ǯ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǤʹͶ ǡ Ǣ ͳ͸Ǥ Libya Profile: Timelineǡ ǣ ȋ Ǥ ʹͻǡ ʹͲͳ͵Ȍǡ ǣȀȀǤ Ǥ ǤȀȀǦ Ǧͳ͵͹ͷͷͶͶͷȏLibyaProfile:TimelineȐǤ ͳ͹Ǥ Id. ͳͺǤ Id. ͳͻǤ Id. ʹͲǤ Id. ʹͳǤ Id. ʹʹǤ Id. ʹ͵Ǥ ICC issues arrest warrants for Libyan officials for alleged crimes against humanityǡ ȋ ʹ͹ǡʹͲͳͳȌǡǣȀȀǤǤȀȀȀǤǫ α͵ͺͺͷͷȏǦ ICCissuesarrestwarrantsȐǤ ʹͶǤ ǡBuildingNewLibya–WheretoStartǡ ȋǤʹͷǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤǤ Ȁ ȀǦǦȄǦǦǦ ͳʹͺͶ͸͹͵͸ͺȀͳ͹͵ͳ͹ͺǤǤ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 151 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͵Ǧ Ǧ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣ͵͸ ʹͲͳ͵Ȑ UNJUSTIFIEDJURISDICTIONINLIBYA ͷ͹ͳ ǡǤʹͷ ʹͲͳͳ ʹͲͳͳǡǤʹ͸ Ǧ ǯǤʹ͹ ǯǡǦ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡǦǡ Ǧ Ǥʹͺ ǡ Ǣ Ǣ Ǥʹͻ ǡ ǡ ǡǡǤ͵Ͳ ǡ Ǧ ȋDz dzȌǡȋDz dz ͵ͳ Dz dzȋDzdzȌ͵ʹȌ Ǧ ͷǡʹͲͳͳǤ͵͵ Ǧ DzdzDz ǯ Ǥdz͵Ͷ ǡ ǡ ʹͲͳͳǤ͵ͷ Ǧ ʹͷǤ LibyaProfile:Timelineǡsupraͳ͸Ǥ ʹ͸Ǥ ICCissuesarrestwarrantsǡsupraʹ͵Ǥ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 151 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ʹ͹Ǥ Id.Ǣ ICC Prosecutor: Gaddafi used his absolute authority to commit crimes in Libyaǡ ǡ ȋ ͳ͸ǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀʹǤ Ǧ ǤȀȀ ȀΨʹͲΨʹͲ ȀȀ ͲͳͳͳȀΨʹͲȀ͸͸͹Ǥ ʹͺǤ ICCissuesarrestwarrantsǡsupraʹ͵ǢICCProsecutorǡsupraʹ͹Ǥ ʹͻǤ ICCProsecutorǡsupraʹ͹Ǥ ͵ͲǤ Id. ͵ͳǤ Head of the Executive Committee of the INCǦLibya Mahmoud Jibril meets with the ICC Prosecutorǡ ȋ ʹͻǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǡ available at ǣȀȀǤ ǤǤȀȀȀǦ Ǧ Ǧ ǦǦǦ ǦǦ Ǧ ȏHeadoftheExecutiveCommitteeoftheINCȐǤ ͵ʹǤ SecretaryǦGeneralFormallyWelcomes‘New’LibyatoitsFirstMajorUnitedNationsMeetǦ ing, Noting New Flat ‘Flying so Proudly Outside Building This Morningǡ ȋ ȀȀͳ͵ͺͳ͸ ȀʹʹͶͻȌȋǤʹͲǡʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀȀ ȀʹͲͳͳȀͳ͵ͺͳ͸Ǥ Ǥ ȏ Secretary General FormallyWelcomes‘New’LibyaȐǤ ͵͵. The Council’s Statementǡ Ǧ ǡ ǣȀȀǤ ǤȀȀȋ ǤʹͷǡʹͲͳ͵ȌǤ ͵ͶǤ Id. ͵ͷǤ Muammar Gaddafi: How he diedǡ ǣ ȋ Ǥ ͵ͳǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤ Ǥ ǤȀȀǦ Ǧͳͷ͵ͻͲͻͺͲǢ Ƭ Ǥ ǡ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 151 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͵Ǧ Ǧ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣ͵͸ ͷ͹ʹ CHICAGOǦKENTLAWREVIEW ȏͺͺǣʹ ǡ ʹͲǡʹͲͳͳǡ Ǧ Ǥ͵͸ Ǥ͵͹ ǡ Ǥ͵ͺ ǡ ǡ ǯǡ ǡ Ǥ͵ͻ ǡ Ǧ ǯ Ǧ Ǣ ǡǤͶͲ ǯ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǤͶͳ ǡ ǤͶʹ C. InternationalResponsetotheLibyanConflict ǡ Ǧ Ǧ ǡ ǤͶ͵Ǧ ǡ ǤͶͶ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǤͶͷ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 151 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 Jubilant Rebels Control Much of Tripoliǡ Ǥ Ǥ ȋǤ ʹͳǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤǤ ȀʹͲͳͳȀͲͺȀʹʹȀȀ ȀʹʹǤǫαƬ̴αͲǤ ͵͸Ǥ MuammarGaddafi:Howhediedǡsupra͵ͷǢLibyaProfile:Timelineǡsupraͳ͸Ǥ ͵͹Ǥ MuammarGaddafi:Howhediedǡsupra͵ͷǤ ͵ͺǤ Id. ͵ͻǤ Jibril on confusion over Colonel Gaddafi’s deathǡ ǣ ȋ Ǥ ʹʹǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤ Ǥ ǤȀȀǦ ǦͳͷͶͳ͸͵ͳͷǤ ͶͲǤ Id. ͶͳǤ MuammarGaddafi:Howhediedǡsupra͵ͷǤ ͶʹǤ Muammar Gaddafi’s death: NTC commander speaksǡ ǣ ȋ Ǥ ʹʹǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤ Ǥ ǤȀȀǦ ǦͳͷͶͳʹͷʹͻǤ Ͷ͵Ǥ LibyaProfile:Timelineǡsupraͳ͸Ǥ ͶͶǤ Arab League backs Libya noǦfly zoneǡ ǣ ȋ ͳʹǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤ Ǥ ǤȀȀǦ Ǧͳʹ͹ʹ͵ͷͷͶǢ Libya: US and EU say Muammar Gaddafi must goǡ ǣ ȋ ͳͳǡ ʹͲͳͳȌǡ ǣȀȀǤ Ǥ ǤȀȀǦǦ ͳʹ͹ͳͳͳ͸ʹǤ ͶͷǤ LibyaProfile:Timelineǡsupraͳ͸Ǥ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 152 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͵Ǧ Ǧ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣ͵͸ ʹͲͳ͵Ȑ UNJUSTIFIEDJURISDICTIONINLIBYA ͷ͹͵ ʹ͸ǡʹͲͳͳǡ ͳͻ͹Ͳ ǤͶ͸ ʹ͹ǡʹͲͳͳǡ Ǧ ǡǦ Ǧ ǡ Ǧǡ ǯ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ͳͷǡ ʹͲͳͳ ʹͺǡ ʹͲͳͳǤͶ͹ ʹͲͳͳǡ ǡ ǡ ǤͶͺ ͳ͸ǡʹͲͳͳǡ Ǧ ǡǦ ǯ DzdzǤͶͻǦ Ǧ ǤͷͲ ȋ Ȍ Ǧ Ǥͷͳ Ǧ Ǧ Dz ǡ Ǥdzͷʹ ǯǡ ǯǦ ͳͻ͹Ͳǡ Ǧ Ǥͷ͵ ǡ ǡ Ǧ ǡ Dz 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 152 Side A 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ǤdzͷͶ Ͷ͸Ǥ SecurityCouncilResolution1970ǡsupraͳͲǤ Ͷ͹Ǥ PreǦTrial Chamber I issues three warrants of arrest for Muammar Gaddafi, Saif AlǦIslam GaddafiandAbduallaAlǦSenussiǡ ȋ ʹ͹ǡʹͲͳͳȌǡǣȀȀʹǤ Ǧ ǤȀȀ ȀΨʹͲΨʹͲ ȀȀ ͲͳͳͳȀΨʹͲȀ̴ ΨʹͲ ΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹ Ͳ̴ΨʹͲΨʹͲǦΨʹͲΨʹͲΨʹͲǤ ǡǦ Ǧǡ Ǥ Ǥ ͶͺǤ LibyaProfile:Timelineǡsupraͳ͸Ǥ ͶͻǤ SecretaryGeneralFormallyWelcomes‘New’Libyaǡsupra͵ʹǤ ͷͲǤ LibyaProfile:Timelineǡsupraͳ͸Ǥ ͷͳǤ SecretaryGeneralFormallyWelcomes‘New’Libyaǡsupra͵ʹǤ ͷʹǤ Id. ͷ͵Ǥ HeadoftheExecutiveCommitteeoftheINCǡsupra͵ͳǤ ͷͶǤ Id. 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No. 152 Side B 05/13/2013 14:40:30 ͳ͵Ǧ Ǧ ǤȋȌ ͷȀ͹ȀʹͲͳ͵ͻǣ͵͸ ͷ͹Ͷ CHICAGOǦKENTLAWREVIEW ȏͺͺǣʹ Ǥ ǯ Ǧ Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ ͳͻ͹ͲǤ Ǥ A. BackgroundInformationontheRelevantBodies ͳǤ ǡǦ Ǥͷͷ ǡ ͳʹͳ ǡ ͳǡ ʹͲͳʹǤͷ͸ ǡ ȋDz dzȌ Ǥͷ͹ Dz ǡdz ǡǦ ǡ Ǥͷͺ Ǥͷͻ Ǧ 33531-ckt_88-2 Sheet No.