No. 45 August 2015 STEEL CONSTRUCTION TODAY & TOMORROW http://www.jisf.or.jp/en/activity/sctt/index.html 【 kou】 “構 (kou)” in Japanese, or structure in English The usefulness of steel structures is growing in the construction of bridge and other civil engineering structures. This issue, No. 45, covers the research attainments presented at the 19th Symposium on Research on Civil Engineering Steel Structures with a main theme of “Towards Stronger, Longer-lasting Steel Bridges.” Special issue: 19th Symposium on Research on Civil Engineering Steel Structures 1 Towards Stronger, Longer-lasting Steel Bridges Conducive to Building National Resilience and Promoting Large-scale Retrofitting of Existing Bridges 2 Current State and Large-scale Renewal of Metropolitan Expressway 5 Rational Performance Evaluation and Strength Design for Steel Bridges 9 Fatigue Characteristics of Weld Joints Employing SBHS Published Jointly by 12 Maintenance of Weathering Steel Bridges The Japan Iron and Steel Federation 15 “Building National Resilience” Initiative and Future Directions Japanese Society of Steel Construction Back cover JISF Operations Special Issue 19th Symposium on Research on Civil Engineering Steel Structure Towards Stronger, Longer-lasting Steel Bridges Conducive to Building National Resilience and Promoting Large-scale Retrofitting of Existing Bridges The Japan Iron and Steel Federation (JISF) tures and reports and the names of the lec- issue spotlighting the symposium; an out- held its 19th Symposium on Research on turers at the 19th symposium are shown in line of the lectures and reports delivered at Civil Engineering Steel Structures on March the table below. the symposium is introduced in the follow- 10, 2015 in Tokyo. In 1995, JISF estab- This issue, No. 45, of Steel Construction ing pages. ￭ lished a “subsidy system for steel-structure Today & Tomorrow is published as a special research and training” and since then has provided subsidies to researchers working in the field of steel structures. The sympo- A List of Lectures and Reports of Research Attainments Presented at the sium has been held every year with the aim 19th Symposium on Research on Civil Engineering Steel Structures of publicizing the results of research sup- Keynote lecture: ported by the subsidy system while at the Current State and Large-scale Renewal Kenichi Ando same time promoting wider applications of of Metropolitan Expressway Senior Executive Officer, Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited steel structures. As a link related to the research activi- Report of research attainments: ties promoted by the subsidy system, the (1) Rational Performance Evaluation and Yoshiaki Okui research promotion organization was es- Strength Design for Steel Bridges Professor, Saitama University (2) Fatigue Characteristics of Weld Joints Kazuo Tateishi tablished in 2013 and 2014-Research Employing SBHS Professor, Nagoya University Committee on Improvement of Structures (3) Maintenance of Weathering Steel Bridges Eiki Yamaguchi and Durability of Steel Bridges and three af- Professor, Kyushu Institute of Technology filiated ad-hoc committees, Working Group Special lecture: on Structures and Design Innovations of “Building National Resilience” Initiative Satoshi Fujii Steel Bridges, Working Group on Fatigue and Future Directions Professor, Kyoto University; Special Strength of Steel Bridges and Working Adviser to the Cabinet, Cabinet Secretariat Group on Maintenance of Weathering Steel Bridges. In recent years, the importance of tech- nology that enhances the overall excellence of steel bridges in terms of cost, perfor- mance and quality has grown. Meanwhile, another bridge performance factor that is gaining importance is minimization of life- cycle costs (LCC), such as mitigation of maintenance costs and prolonging service life. In order to meet such requirements, the Research Committee extensively promotes related research activities and organizes the diverse attainments that are derived from these activities. At this year’s 19th Symposium on Re- JISF held its 19th Symposium on search on Civil Engineering Steel Struc- Research on Civil Engineering tures, the attainments of this research were Steel Structures in March 2015. reported and related lectures were delivered to the approximately 380 engineers and re- searchers who attended. The titles of the lec- 1 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow August 2015 August 2015 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 2 Keynote Lecture Current State and Large-scale Renewal of Metropolitan Expressway Kenichi Ando: After graduating from the School of Engineering, Waseda University, he entered Metro- politan Expressway Public Corporation in 1974. Af- ter serving as director of Planning and Environmental by Kenichi Ando Dept. and Construction Dept. and director general of Senior Executive Officer Tokyo Construction Bureau, he assumed his current Metropolitan Expressway Company Limited post as senior executive officer in 2013. Outline of the Metropolitan Express- 11,000 vehicles, and the toll for ordinary ve- which drivers were charged a toll fee to cov- way Network hicles was ￥100 (￥50 for the first year of er the cost of road construction and a revenue About 50 years have passed since the open- operation). source earmarked for roads (1953). ing of Metropolitan Expressway, a network Most of Japan’s roads in the 1950s were The motorization of Japan progressed of arterial expressways linking metropolitan unpaved and turned to mud when rain fell, rapidly from around 1955 and brought with Tokyo and its surrounding areas. The first sometimes requiring vehicles to be pushed it deteriorating highway traffic conditions. section of the expressway, extending 4.5 km through the mire. This situation demonstrat- In response, it was necessary to construct the between Kyobashi and Shibaura in down- ed that road improvements in Japan were expressway for exclusive use with automo- town Tokyo, opened in December 1962 (Fig. long overdue. To remedy this, two systems biles. Then, it was decided that the network 1). The daily traffic volume at that time was were initiated-a toll road system (1952) in of expressways in metropolitan Tokyo be im- proved and, in June 1959, Metropolitan Ex- Fig. 1 Network of Metropolitan Expressway pressway Public Corporation (former Metro- politan Expressway Company Limited) was Tohoku Expressway Joban Expressway established. In May of the same year, the In- Yono Saitama Minuma (Saitama Pref.) ternational Olympic Committee selected To- kyo to host the 1964 Olympic Games. Kawaguchi JCT Tokyo Gaikan Expressway Today, the daily traffic volume of Met- Misato JCT Kanetsu Expressway ropolitan Expressway is about 950,000 ve- Bijogi JCT hicles. The ratio of the total length of Met- (Chiba Pref.) ropolitan Expressway to that of national and Kohoku Tokyo metropolitan roads in 23 wards is JCT Itabashi JCT Kosuge JCT barely 15%. However, the ratio of Metropol- Kumano-cho JCT Horikiri JCT (Tokyo) itan Expressway is about 36% in terms of ve- Iriya hicle-kilometers and about 28% in terms of Yagochi Keiyo Road freight traffic volume-or more than twice Koya Nishi-Shinjuku JCT Chuo Hakozaki JCT all national and metropolitan roads in Tokyo Expressway Higashi-Kanto Takaido Ohashi JCT Expressway in terms of vehicle-kilometers and freight Tatsumi Kasai JCT JCT Shibaura traffic volume. This means that the Metro- Yoga JCT Shinonome JCT Ariake politan Expressway is indispensable for the JCT Togoshi daily routines of the residents of Tokyo and Oi JCT First opened route of Tomei Metropolitan Expressways its surrounding areas. Expressway Tokai JCT Showajima (Kyobashi~Shibaura) JCT Daisan Keihin Road Haneda Airport Daishi Network Development of and Im- JCT Shimoyamotocho Fujimi provement Plan for Metropolitan Ex- Kawasaki-Ukishima JCT pressway Kawamuko-cho (Kanagawa Pref.) Namamugi Tokyo Wan Aqua Line On May 7, 2015, the final section of the Cen- JCT Mitsuzawa tral Circular Route (Bay Shore Route~Route Kinko JCT Daikoku JCT 3 Shibuya Line) was opened to traffic, ex- Kariba Yokohama Shindo tending the total length of routes in operation Honmoku Futo JCT Ishikawa-cho JCT in the Metropolitan Expressway network to 310.7 km. Another 18.9-km route is currently under construction and, when completed, it Yokohama Namiki Route in service: 310.7 km Yokosuka Road JCT will extend the total to about 330 km. Route under construction: 18.9 km The Central Circular Route required more than a half century to go from initial route in- 1 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow August 2015 August 2015 Steel Construction Today & Tomorrow 2 vestigation to completion. The route’s 18.2- ground connects with the upper section which tal length of about 310 km, around 30% of km Yamate Tunnel is the longest road tunnel ends about 35 m above ground. In the junc- the expressway structures have been in ser- in Japan and it was built utilizing a variety of tion that connects the difference of elevation vice more than 40 years and about 50% have advanced construction technologies, among of about 70 m, the maximum grade was des- been in service 30 years (Fig. 3). Further, which were a method to expand shield tun- ignated at 7%, and thus a 1,000-m distance the tunnels and viaducts that require minute nel width underground (Fig. 2) and a cutting was necessary for the vehicle to climb the 70- maintenance account for about 95% of all ex- shield tunnel construction method that could m difference of elevation. One effective solu- pressway structures. On top of this, large-ve- integrate two or more shields