Scandria Railway Corridor Performance Baltic Sea Region Project #26 “Scandria Railway Corridor Performance” Baltic Sea Region Project #026 “Scandinavian-Adriatic Corridor for Growth and Innovation” Work Package 3 Quality of Transport Infrastructure Action 2 Improvements in rail traffic Responsible Partner KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Author Bo-Lennart Nelldal and Hans Boysen KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm Department of Traffic and Logistics Version 2 Date 07.09.2012 Status final Document Approval Chronology Document Revision / Approval Version Date Status1 Date Status2 1 20.08.2010 draft 2 07.09.2012 final draft 1 Document status: draft, revised draft, final draft 2 Revision status: approved, revision required, finally approved Version 2, 12-09-07 » 1 | 100 Part-financed by the European Union Scandria Railway Corridor Performance Baltic Sea Region Project #26 Brief Description of the output The rail market share in the corridor between Scandinavia and Germany is less than on road and air. Thus, there is potential for significantly increased transport volumes by rail to contribute to a sustainable transport system. There are weak links in the infrastructure and in the operating principles. In short time changes can be done by unifying loading gauges and train lengths. Discrepancies of technical standards exist between the various national railway networks. For new construction and upgrading of infrastructure, the opportunity to apply best practice standards should be seized. Our proposal is that the planned Fehmarn Belt link and its connecting lines should generally match or surpass the highest of German, Danish and southern Swedish standards which already has been implemented on the Öresund bridge. In the long term perspective building of dedicated high speed lines seems to be the right solution if the railway is to have a significant share of passenger transport as well as freight transport market. Output Schedule Source Deadline / Milestone 31.03.10 30.09.10 31.03.11 30.09.11 31.03.12 30.09.12 Planned according to Application 30.06.12 Form Expected according to revised 09.09.12 workplan Summary of Methodological Approach Questions to be answered: What are the weakest links in the rail transportation system in the Scandria corridor? Investigation of infrastructure performance, Benchmarking of the corridor functionality, investigation of best practice and proposal of future investments and operating principles. Version 2, 12-09-07 » 2 | 100 Part-financed by the European Union Scandria Railway Corridor Performance Baltic Sea Region Project #26 Index Preface ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Summary ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 1 Rail Corridors between Scandinavia and Northern Germany.................................................................. 9 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 9 1.2 Aim and goals ....................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Methods .............................................................................................................................................. 11 1.4 Delimitations ....................................................................................................................................... 11 2 Railway Infrastructure Performance ..................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Measures for infrastructure standard ................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Number of tracks ................................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Maximum speed .................................................................................................................................. 18 2.4 Power supply ...................................................................................................................................... 20 2.5 Traffic control system .......................................................................................................................... 21 2.6 Gradient .............................................................................................................................................. 22 2.7 Axle load ............................................................................................................................................. 25 2.8 Meter load ........................................................................................................................................... 27 2.9 General loading gauge ........................................................................................................................ 29 2.10 Intermodal loading gauge .................................................................................................................... 33 2.11 Train length ......................................................................................................................................... 33 2.12 Train mass .......................................................................................................................................... 37 2.13 Rail ferry links ..................................................................................................................................... 38 3 Rail Freight Performance ..................................................................................................................... 39 3.1 Key routes for wagonload and unit trains ............................................................................................. 39 3.2 Transport flows ................................................................................................................................... 44 3.3 Rail competitiveness ........................................................................................................................... 46 4 Rail Passenger Transport Performance ............................................................................................... 50 4.1 Key routes for passenger transport ...................................................................................................... 50 4.2 Passenger flows .................................................................................................................................. 53 4.3 Rail competitiveness ........................................................................................................................... 56 4.4 Relative travel times ............................................................................................................................ 56 5 Functional Corridors for freight ............................................................................................................ 60 5.1 Freight corridor functions ..................................................................................................................... 60 5.2 Potential for improved rail freight transport........................................................................................... 60 6 Functional corridors for passenger services ......................................................................................... 63 6.1 Passenger corridor functions ............................................................................................................... 63 6.2 Potential for improved passenger rail transport .................................................................................... 63 7 Future development of the freight transport system ............................................................................. 65 7.1 Scenarios for future development ........................................................................................................ 65 7.2 Effects of the fixed link across Fehmarn Belt ....................................................................................... 67 7.3 Calculations of the load on the railway network with different prerequisites in 2030 .............................. 68 Version 2, 12-09-07 » 3 | 100 Part-financed by the European Union Scandria Railway Corridor Performance Baltic Sea Region Project #26 8 Future development of the rail passenger transport system ................................................................. 71 8.1 Scenarios for future passenger rail system .......................................................................................... 71 8.2 Long term solution for Sweden ............................................................................................................ 74 8.3 The Norwegian high speed investigation ............................................................................................. 74 8.4 Planning of new links in Denmark ........................................................................................................ 74 8.5 Effects of high speed lines from Scandinavia to Europe ....................................................................... 75 8.6 Capacity