İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ RADYO TELEVİZYON VE SİNEMA PROGRAMI SİNEMAYA GİRİŞ DOÇ. DR. ŞÜKRÜ SİM SİNEMAYA GİRİŞ DOÇ. DR. ŞÜKRÜ SİM İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ RADYO TELEVİZYON VE SİNEMA PROGRAMI Yazar Notu Elinizdeki bu eser, İstanbul Üniversitesi Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitim Fakültesi’nde okutulmak için hazırlanmış bir ders notu niteliğindedir. İÇİNDEKİLER İÇİNDEKİLER ............................................................................................................................ I 1. SİNEMANIN TARİHÇESİ VE SESSİZ SİNEMA ............................................................... 1 1.1. Tarihçe ............................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.1. Sinematografın İcadı ................................................................................................. 2 1.2. Sessiz Sinema .................................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1. Sinemanın Başlangıcı (1895-1908) ........................................................................... 3 1.2.2. Gösteri Sinemasının Gelişmesi (1908-1914) ............................................................ 3 1.2.3. I. Dünya Savaşı Sırasında Sinema ............................................................................ 4 1.2.4. Gerçek Bir Sanat Doğuyor (1919-1924) ................................................................... 8 2. SESLİ VE SÖZLÜ SİNEMA I ............................................................................................ 12 2.1. Sesli Sinemanın Başlangıcı (1929-1934) ...................................................................... 13 3. SESLİ VE SÖZLÜ SİNEMA II ........................................................................................... 21 3.1. Sesli Sinemanın Gelişmesi (1935-1940) ....................................................................... 22 4. SESLİ VE SÖZLÜ SİNEMA III .......................................................................................... 31 4.1. II. Dünya Savaşı Yıllarında Sinema (1940- 1945) ........................................................ 32 4.1.1. Rusya ....................................................................................................................... 36 4.1.2. Danimarka ............................................................................................................... 37 4.1.3. İsviçre ...................................................................................................................... 37 4.1.4. Hollanda .................................................................................................................. 37 4.1.5. Belçika .................................................................................................................... 38 4.1.6. Kanada .................................................................................................................... 38 4.1.7. Avustralya ............................................................................................................... 38 4.1.8. Japonya ................................................................................................................... 38 4.1.9. Çin ........................................................................................................................... 39 4.1.10. Endonezya ............................................................................................................. 39 4.1.11. Kore ....................................................................................................................... 39 4.1.12. Filipinler ................................................................................................................ 39 4.1.13. Çekoslovakya ........................................................................................................ 39 4.1.14. Bulgaristan ............................................................................................................ 40 4.1.15. Polonya ................................................................................................................. 40 4.1.16. İspanya .................................................................................................................. 40 4.1.17. Portekiz ................................................................................................................. 41 4.1.18. İtalya ..................................................................................................................... 41 I 5. SESLİ VE SÖZLÜ SİNEMA IV ......................................................................................... 42 5.1. Savaş Sonrasında Sinema (1950’li Yılların Sonuna Kadar) .......................................... 43 5.1.1. İngiltere ................................................................................................................... 44 5.1.2. ABD ........................................................................................................................ 44 5.1.3. İtalya ....................................................................................................................... 46 5.1.4. Rusya ....................................................................................................................... 47 5.1.5. İsveç ........................................................................................................................ 48 5.1.7. Polonya ................................................................................................................... 48 5.1.8. Macaristan ............................................................................................................... 48 5.1.9. Çekoslovakya .......................................................................................................... 48 5.1.10. Finlandiya ............................................................................................................. 49 5.1.11. Almanya ................................................................................................................ 49 5.1.12. Meksika ................................................................................................................. 49 5.1.13. Brezilya ................................................................................................................. 49 5.1.14. Arjantin ................................................................................................................. 50 5.1.15. Mısır ...................................................................................................................... 50 5.1.16. Hindistan ............................................................................................................... 50 5.1.17. Japonya ................................................................................................................. 50 6. SESLİ VE SÖZLÜ SİNEMA V ........................................................................................... 52 6.1. 1960’lı Yıllar ................................................................................................................. 53 6.1.1. Fransız Sineması ..................................................................................................... 53 6.1.2. İngiliz Sineması ...................................................................................................... 55 6.1.3. ABD SİNEMASI .................................................................................................... 56 6.1.4. İtalyan Sineması ...................................................................................................... 57 6.1.5. Almanya Sineması .................................................................................................. 57 6.1.6. Sovyet Sineması ...................................................................................................... 58 6.1.7. Çekoslovak Sineması .............................................................................................. 58 6.1.8. Macar Sineması ....................................................................................................... 58 6.1.9. Polonya Sineması .................................................................................................... 59 6.1.10. Bulgar Sineması .................................................................................................... 59 6.1.11. Romanya Sineması ................................................................................................ 59 6.1.12. Yugoslav Sineması ................................................................................................ 59 6.1.13. İspanyol Sineması ................................................................................................. 59 6.1.14. Japon Sineması ...................................................................................................... 61 7. SESLİ VE SÖZLÜ SİNEMA VI ......................................................................................... 62 II 7.1. 1970'ten 1980'lere Kadar Sinema .................................................................................. 63 7.1.1. Fransa ...................................................................................................................... 63 7.1.2. İngiltere ................................................................................................................... 65 7.1.3. ABD