Editors:AC. HIGGINS,Chief Paleontologist, Geological Survey of Canada,Calgary; and R. L. AUSTIN,Senior Lecturerin Geology;Universid of Southahpton This is the tirst comorehensivetreatment of the sequenceof conodontsin the British stratiqraphiccolumn, which hasWDe sections s€rvinq as world standards.The book provideddetailed information on ihe occurrenceof ai importantgroup of fossilswithin each system,and is an up-to-datesummary of all known and much new research,of value lo scientistsand teachersin industrvand research. Editor: RONALDL. AUSTIN,Senior Lecturer in Geology,University of Southampton This comorehensivecoveraqe of investiqativetechniques and aDolicationscomDrises a state-of-the-artreview of coiodont sludies,reflecting ihe increabirdawareness of the importanceof conodontsin micropalaeontology,and of the hazardsto human health associatedwith the extraction8nd concentrationofconodonls. The book representsthe. /"-' work of a team of internationalexoerts. Editor:M. B.HART, Department of GeologicalSciences, Portsmouth Polytechnic Thiswide-ranging review of carbonateenvironments covers the Silurianto rscenttimes. Fossilgroups include foraminifera, conodonts, dinoflagslletes, acritarchs and r€diolariads. Will be of interestto all scademicand industrial micropalaeontoloqists and Dostoraduate students.Many areas of internationalsignificance in hydrocarbon-exploration ar-s dealt with here,among them Oman, Tunisia, Libya, North Sea, and southern France. Editors:J. W. NEALE,Profeg6or of Micropalaeontology,University of Hull,and M. D. BRASIER,Lecturer inGeology, University of Hull "a principll merit ofthii bool i! tho vlrletv ol topicail contain! ... wide divol3iw of contributionron which todruw ... rnothor gucces3tulfsatuig of th€ book is tho high dogreeof uniformityof cont butioni. nonaof whlch r]o elthortoo long or too rmbhious,rnd only onc of which ir rgducadrgdu to sxtendodabstract dimgnsionr ... good rcviqwof cur.ontrsssrrch. Thii collgctionof plpots ghouldssrve s usetulpurpose in stimuhting rlnewed int€ralt in this curentlv most us€tul,bst rometim€r noglcctgdbnnch ol the elrth lnd biologicll lcionce!. h cancsnoinlv be recommendsd for relding by both advancsdundgrgradurt€sundgrgtadurt€s and spocialktr rsseotchrsseorch workgrEworkg.E in the fiold" - B.M. Funnoll,Prof€ssor of EnvironmentalSciences, , Universityof EastAnglia, in y'Vatule Editor:A. R.LORD, Department of Geology,University of CollegeLondon "ths th€meof thc bookis tha biogtratigr.phic valug ot thecelcrrcous nannofossils ..- makosthe point weff" - GeologicalMagazine "will bo widolyconsultodby microjr.hoontologilts,goologists and ocsanographersboth in the Britbh lslgsand boyond"- B, M. Funn€ll,Professor of EnvironmentalSciences, Universitv of EastAnglia, in t /tls, Book News Editors:R. H. BATE,Director of StratigraphicServices Limited, London; E. ROBiNSON, S€nior Lecturerin Geology,University College, London; and L. M. SHEPPARD,Diroctor of StratigraphicServices Limitod, London "tho illustrutionga.9 ggDorallysxclllgni .., ths bool holdr lomothing of intgtssttor ov€ry ortracodofogi3t.., r vlfuablg additionto lny librrrl/'- JeanM. Betdanin Palaeogeogrcphy. Palaeoclimatologyand Palaeoecology "this is a rollly good compilrtion ... not gno pot-boil€rrmongst ths 24 pap€rs... extremely vlfuabfo" - J. W. Whitlakerid Journalof Naiuhl Histow distributedbv published bv HALSTEDPRESS a division of ELLIS HORWOOD LIMITED JOHN WILSY & SONS Publishers. Chichester New York . Chichester. Brisbane.Toronto EllisHorwood Edition ISBN 0-85312-90S-1 HalstedPress Edition ISBN 0-{70-20788-4 Contents Contributors 7 Preface 9 1 Conodont palaeobiolog5r:a historical review R. J. Aldridge 11 I Preliminary structural comparisons of protoconodont' paraconodont' and euconodontelements H. Szaniawski 35 3 Re-examination of Silurian conodont clusters frorn northern Indiana R. S. Nicoll and C. B. Rexroad 49 -l The architecture and function of Carboniferous polygnathaceanconodont apparatuses R. J. Aldridge, M. P. Smith, R. D. Norby, and D. E. G. Briggs 63 Form and function of the Pa element in the conodont animal R. S. Nicoll A conodont anirnal from the lower Silurian of Wisconsin' USA' and the apParatus architecture of panderodontid conodonts M. P. Smith, D. E. G. Briggs, and R. J. Aldridge 9l Soft tissue matrix of decalcilied pectiniform elements of Hindeodella confluens (Conodonta, Silurian) L. E. Fdhraus and G. E. Fdhreus-vanRee 105 An abrupt changein conodont faunas in the Inwer Ordovician of the Midcontinent Province R. L. Ethington, K. M. Engel, and K. L. Elliott 111 t-- = i_- :'_. _ rF=:_::r - ;\ - :-. ;- .:-. :_: -i: a-.4. c:;',- , ?=-__: : -i :_- t-: n; - _-- I -- - : IlUtr I 6LI xepur IErauec 9LI epur J XOUOXEI 99I \ sr'a,{uoJItFu rgg 1"ug"q1 ffi;;S ,, L'I snorarluoqreJ-pruoluBruo^ao -o-.,,,ffio*rfoiJ,l"""llX;1"6r, 6Zr uossddel.1 rJu'e'osno*urous;o saposrda .ro;aruno,n" ,"uoo.o,rf,if,llfrllfi#tdY.;jilXll; , Eualuoc OfFnic -E&|ns 129 747 165 175 779 Contributors Richard J. Aldridge, versity,St John's,Newfoundland, A1B 3X5, Departmentof Geology,University of Notting- Canada. ham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. GoverdinaE. Fihraeus-vanRee, Thyroid ResearchLaboratory, Health Sciences Derek E. G. Briggs, Centre, Memorial University, St John's,New- Departmentof Geology,University of Bristol, foundland,A1B 3V6, Canada. Wills Memorial Building, OueensRoad, Bris- tol BS8 1RJ,England. Lennart Jeppsson, David L. Clark, Department of Historical Geology and Department of Geology and Geophysics,Uni- Palaeontology,University of Lund, Solvegatan verslty of Wisconsin-Madison,Madison, Wis- 73, 3-22362 Lund, Sweden. consin53706, USA. H. Richard Lane, Kenneth L. Elliott, Research Center, Amoco Production Com- Department of Geology, University of pany,P.O. Box 3385,Tulsa, Oklahoma74102, Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri USA. 65211,USA. Robert S. Nicoll, Kevin M. Engel, Bureauof Mineral Resources,P.O. Box 378, Department of Geology, University of CanberraCity, A.C.T., Australia2601. Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211,USA. RodneyD. Norby, Raymond L. Ethington, Illinois State Geological Survey, Natural Department of Geology, University of ResourcesBuilding, 615 E. Peabody Drive, Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri Champaign.Illinois 61820. USA. 65211,USA. Carl B. Rexroad, Lars E. Fihrreus, Indiana GeologicalSuwey, 611 North Walnut Department of Earth Sciences,Memorial Uni Grove,Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA. 3::ql Jo II€ ',(lsnol^erd l:!6 I ) uepe^\S 'Pun'I ur ! ?suar^ Jo se4ueJ Isnp art-rliol'116I ur',{u€ur :EJ:l 'Srnqre]^{ uI PIaq FESrlqelse auloceq a\ou ou.-r3 ueedorng eq1 ',{1nr1ceqcreese: s rJauar (]1 puB luelx asaql Jo sesod ir.nuaqcoa8-Einlo^ cIUeeJo Jo -;onEnlE S uoll€Jnl"Iu ficnlo \a'fSolocaoaepd o..:-i aqt ]o anle^ eql nur ilprder eqt ,{q pu" N-UOS JO ssrJa^Osslp (ts -ra{ro^\ luopouoJ eql r :JP sseql SInOAeePUA }c' uortecrpUtleelc e a,rl3 o:o .plarJur€u aql lle Jo p::01 s{ooq eerql esaqJ | :PrJrrroc ol pacnPoJd su];-;rH J Vf,qPalpa F-,.rqd?rSqerls€'prrrll lF:lrpe ueeq sEI{'suoqeJ JlilP;rlse^ur uo'atunlo^ '. 'i;rrl 6Z-92 por]ed aql ) lrs.re^run aql l" pleq Lis ruopouoJ ueadorng a:i r:aded uorJ ,{Ie8rel ? irr euo SI atIInlOA SII{J eJeJeJd 'lneN ?ruep€{V pr1s1o4'rrSolorqoap dpel1.az ,r{s^\euezs UeqnH 'fuerureg go cqqndeg prapag 'puefug ,OA€ eEpuqrxeJ .taerls 'I urBW rup gggg-q ,97 aEelue8 ZSJ trnplu€rd Surumoq'eSprrqrue3yo flrs-re,rrun,saouarJs -JequeIrues'8:aqualcueg lnlrlsurs8unqcs:og ,qg7 queg Jo tuaru edeq 1e .tou fpuelSug 'ra13er7q14y 4gp ueqEu41otr1 'Imd ,(lrsJe^run .ur?q .,{EoIoeC 'pu?lod -8ur11o;1yo,{lrsrearufl Joluaulredeg .IV 'ttesreid 690-20 '96 frn3r16 I l{rl,t\Z 'ql rs Ined I^ srotnqlJluoJ 8 F 5c:cr:::e:: Snckenber- U ---r--- - =: \lain 1, J -'t-:-r:. Preface This volume is one of a pair that has arisen European only in terms of their location, and largely from papers presented at the Fourth all have attracted participation from through- European Conodont Symposium(ECOS ry), out the international community. The ECOS held at the University of Nottingham during IV meeting (with two field excursionsto the the period25-29 July. 1985.The companion Welsh Borders and S.W. England) was volume,on investigativetechniques and appli- attendedby more than 100 conodont special- cations,has been edited by R. L. Austin, and a istsfrom 29 countdes,and lecturesand posters third, a stratigraphical index of conodonts were presented by speakersof 19 different edited by A. C. Higgins and R. L. Austin, was nationalities. The meeting catered for all produced to coincide with the Symposium. aspectsof conodontresearch, but two one-day Thesethree books togetherprovide a coverage sessionswere reserved for the two major of all the main fields of conodontresearch, and themes:(1) investigativetechniques and appli- give a clear indicationof the direction of future cations, and (2) conodont palaeobiology. endeavours.These are very exciting times for Apart from the introductory chapter, all the the conodontworker, stimulatedby the recent contributions in this book were formally pre- discoveries of soft-bodied conodont fossils sentedduring the latter thematicsession. and by the rapidly increasingrecognition of The papers which comprisethe chaptersof the value of the group in biostratigraphy, this volume mostlyfall neatlyunder one of two palaeoecology,evolutionary studies, thermal headings: (1) the conodont animal and its maturation evaluation, and the investigation mineralized apparatus, and (2) pattems of of oceanicgeochemistry. It is among the pur- conodont evolution. Chapter 1 provides some