FINAL REPORT Building Performance Optimization while Empowering Occupants Toward Environmentally Sustainable Behavior through Continuous Monitoring and Diagnostics ESTCP Project EW-201406 DECEMBER 2016 Vivian Loftness Azizan Aziz Bertrand Lasternas Carnegie Mellon University Distribution Statement A This document has been cleared for public release Page Intentionally Left Blank This report was prepared under contract to the Department of Defense Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP). The publication of this report does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Department of Defense. Page Intentionally Left Blank Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202- 4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) December 2016 Final Report 9/30/2014 – 10/30/2017 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Building Performance Optimization while Empowering Occupants Toward W912HQ-14-C-008 Environmentally Sustainable Behavior through Continuous Monitoring and 5b. GRANT NUMBER Diagnostics 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Vivian Loftness (CMU), Azizan Aziz (CMU) EW-201406 Bertrand Lasternas (CMU, Peter Winslow (Evolve) 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT Carnegie Mellon University NUMBER 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) Pennsylvania Air National Guard 171st Air Refueling Wing Coraopolis, PA 15231 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT The objective of this project is to demonstrate that at least 30% of a DOD building’s HVAC and plug load annual energy consumption can be saved through continuous diagnostics and controls, while empowering building stakeholders to engage in proactive energy-conservation and sustainable behaviors. The team deployed two distinct technologies during this demonstration project. The first technology, ‘ID-F,’ targets building facility managers and allows real time diagnostics for BAS systems with features like benchmarking, fault detection, and diagnostic or energy anomaly detection. The second technology, ‘ID-O,’ targets building occupants, allowing them to manage and control their electrical appliances and engage in more sustainable practices. The findings and performance assessments from the demonstration provide information that can help the DOD to reevaluate its building operation policies, practices and guidelines – by engaging the whole military installation community, through easy-to-use and user-friendly interfaces that support preventative measures to ensure energy conservation and occupant comfort. 15. SUBJECT TERMS building performance monitoring and diagnostics, fault detection, plug-load management, building energy conservation, building occupant comfort and satisfaction 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF ABSTRACT OF PAGES Azizan Aziz a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE SAR 91 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (include area code) (412) 268 - 6882 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18 Page Intentionally Left Blank FINAL REPORT Project: EW-201406 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... ES-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE DEMONSTRATION ............................................................... 2 1.3 REGULATORY DRIVERS ......................................................................................... 3 2.0 TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 7 2.1 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW ..................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Description: .................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 ID-F Intelligent Dashboards for Facility Managers ....................................................... 8 2.1.3 ID-O Intelligent Dashboards for Building Occupants ................................................. 10 2.1.4 Chronological Summary: ............................................................................................. 12 2.1.5 Future Potential for the DOD: ...................................................................................... 13 2.2 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................... 13 2.3 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGIES ...................... 15 3.0 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES ....................................................................................... 17 3.1 SUMMARY OF PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES .................................................. 17 3.2 PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES DESCRIPTIONS ................................................. 18 3.2.1 Reduce Overall Building Energy Consumption ........................................................... 18 3.2.2 Reduce Plug Load Energy Consumption ..................................................................... 19 3.2.3 Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions ............................................................................. 19 3.2.4 System Economics ....................................................................................................... 20 3.2.5 Level of Technology Transfer, Deployment and Applicability ................................... 21 3.2.6 Occupant Engagement and Behavioral Change ........................................................... 21 3.2.7 Occupant Comfort and Satisfaction ............................................................................. 22 3.2.8 Facility Manager/Operators Enhanced Fault Detection ............................................... 22 3.2.9 Ease of System Use by FM and Building Occupants .................................................. 23 4.0 FACILITY/SITE DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................... 25 4.1 GENERAL FACILITY/SITE SELECTION CRITERIA ........................................... 25 4.2 DEMONSTRATION FACILITY/SITE LOCATION AND OPERATIONS ............ 26 4.3 SITE-RELATED PERMITS AND REGULATIONS ................................................ 31 5.0 TEST DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 33 5.1 CONCEPTUAL TEST DESIGN ................................................................................ 33 5.1.1 Hypothesis ................................................................................................................... 33 5.1.2 Variables ...................................................................................................................... 33 5.1.3 Test Design: ................................................................................................................. 35 5.1.4 Test Phases: .................................................................................................................. 35 i TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page 5.2 BASELINE CHARACTERIZATION ....................................................................... 36 5.2.1 ID-F Baseline Characterization .................................................................................... 36 5.2.2 ID-O: Baseline Characterization .................................................................................. 38 5.3 DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS ....................................... 39 5.4 OPERATIONAL TESTING ....................................................................................... 41 5.5 SAMPLING PROTOCOL .......................................................................................... 42 5.6 EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION AND DATA QUALITY ISSUES .......................... 43 6.0