Al-Farabi Kazakh National University UDC 81’42 : 32 On manuscript rights TAUBAYEV ZHARAS TURYSBEKOVICH Eponyms in political discourse: pragmalinguistic aspect 6D021000 – Foreign philology Dissertation submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) Domestic scientific consultant: Doctor of philological sciencies Mussabekova U.Е. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Foreign scientific consultant: Executive director of Joint national committee for language ─ National council for language and international studies, Ph.D., Rivers W.P. (Washington, USA) Republic of Kazakhstan Almaty, 2019 CONTENT NORMATIVE REFERENCES 3 GLOSSARY 4 NOTATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 6 INTRODUCTION 7 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 The process of formation and special features of eponymy 14 1.2 Investigating eponyms as special-professional language units 22 1.3 Word-formation and grammatical-structural classification of eponyms 25 1.4 Modern linguistic problems of eponymy 27 Conclusion to chapter 1 30 2 FUNCTIONS OF EPONYMS IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE 2.1 Discourse and discourse-analysis 32 35 2.2 Peculiarities of political discourse as a form of institutional discourse 37 2.3 Functions of eponyms in political discourse 50 2.4 Eponyms in socio-political periodicals 57 2.4.1 Eponyms in English-language socio-political periodicals 59 64 2.4.2 Eponyms in Russian-language socio-political periodicals 65 2.4.3 Eponyms in Kazakh-language socio-political periodicals 68 2.5 Lexicographical peculiarities of political eponyms 71 2.5.1 Cognitive-cultural features of eponyms in political discourse 73 2.5.2 The influences of English eponyms on Russian, Kazakh eponyms 77 75 80 Conclusion to chapter 2 83 3 EPONYMS AS PRAGMATIC COMPONENTS OF THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE 3.1 Manipulative effects of eponyms in political discourse 85 85 3.2 Pragmatic approaches of eponyms in socio-political periodicals 96 96 3.3 The pragmatic ways of influencing eponyms in politicians’ political discourses 114 117 3.4 Determination of the level of pragmatic presupposition and influences of eponyms by associative experiment and semantic differential method 128 126 3.4.1 The results, analyses of an associative experiment in English language 130 3.4.2 The results, analyses of an associative experiment in Russian language 136 3.4.3 The results, analyses of an associative experiment in Kazakh language 145 123 Conclusion to chapter 3 156 CONCLUSION 158 REFERENCES 161 APPENDIX A 170 APPENDIX B 201 NORMATIVE REFERENCES References to the following standards are made in this dissertation: 1 Address of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan "Kazakhstan-2050 Strategy: New Political Course of the Established State". December 14, 2012. 2 Article of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev "Course towards the future: modernization of Kazakhstan’s identity". April 12, 2017. 3 Speech of N. A. Nazarbayev concerning the implementation of the State Program "Cultural Heritage". February 13, 2007. GLOSSARY The following terms were used in the dissertation: Appellative – any word in the lexical fund of the language opposed to the proper names. Addresser – a subject of speech, speaker, central category of pragmatics, organizer of communicative process. Addressee – a recipient of the message, a reader or a listener. Associates – are a set of associations that arise by stimulus-words. Discourse – a collection of related texts based on a particular social event, linked to extralinguistic, pragmalinguistic, socio-linguistic factors. Eponym – 1) cognitive, historical-cultural terms derived from proper names used in specific-professional fields of communication; 2) language units / lexemes derived proper names (mostly from anthroponyms, toponyms) that have cumulative, memorial, image, instrumental, unique (individual), integration functions in political discourse. Cognition – a complex set of thinking processes, based on previous experience, memory, perception, and cognitive experience. Image – a special visual (people, phenomena, substance) aimed at the emotional and psychological impact on a broad distribution goal. One of the tools of propaganda. Manipulation – the turning of a situation to advantage. Controlling someone or something to your own advantage often unfairly or dishonestly. Nomenclature (nomen) – a type of special lexeme, often referred to the names of individual objects, notions. Onomasiological terminology – examines the structure of special lexemes, the process of nomination of special concepts and the choice of effective forms of names. Pragmalinguistics – the study of language from the point of view users, especially of the choices they make, the constraints they encounter in using social interaction and the effects their use of language has on other participants in the act of communication. Disciplinary terminology – a complex of specific words (names) used in specific branches of science. Interdisciplinary terminology – terms that cover more than one field of science and can be used between closely related branches of science. Political discourse – 1) is understood as the political process and / or the result of (political) language production referring to one or more interrelated themes which are presented as complete; 2) discourse, which includes paralinguistic, pragmalinguistic, extralinguistic factors, which are implemented in the institutional environment created by political parties in a specific political environment. Political communication – a verbal or non-verbal communication that includes the process of receiving, distributing and encoding texts of political content with communicators (addressers, addressees). Any kind of information exchange, communication with communicators on political issues. 4 Speech acts – the influence by means of natural language to the consciousness and behavior of an individual or collective. Any speech act can have an impact, but its effect depends on several factors: mass repetition, emotional pressure, irrigation technique, logic trap, aesthetic manipulation, rhetoric and argumentative theory. Terminology – a set of practices and methods used for the collection, description and presentation of terms; a set of designation of a particular subject field. 5 NOTATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS W.P. – "The Washington Post"newspaper N.R. – "The New Republic" political magazine N.R (2). – " National Review" political magazine P. – "Politico" newspaper C.A.M – "Central Asian Monitor" newspaper M.P. – "Moskovskaya pravda" newspaper S.S. – "Svoboda slova" newspaper N.V. – "Novoe pokolenie" newspaper Zh.А. – "Zhas Alash" newspaper Zh.K. – "Zhas kazak" newspaper Е.K. – "Egemen Kazakstan" newspaper 6 INTRODUCTION General description of the work: The dissertation is devoted to the investigation of pragmalinguistic peculiarities of functioning eponyms in modern political discourse on the material of English, Russian and Kazakh languages. The relevance of the research topic: The discourse revolution in Linguistics, the increasing role of "human factor" draws the attention of linguists not only to the description of language structures but also to the problem of comprehensive research of the speaker. This is a major research topic in the field of the anthropocentric paradigm, the study of linguistic units in relation to the human being. The peculiarity of the new paradigm is its simultaneous investigation of communicative, cognitive and linguocultural aspects. In this respect, eponyms are studied on the basis of the anthropocentric paradigm as one of the main language elements of political discourse and show the relevance of the work. Analysis of political discourse helps to identify concepts, conceptual oppositions, tactics, and strategies belonging to a particular community, and optimally communicate with recipients. Political discourse is reflected in the socio- political life of the culture, which has itself components of culture, common and specific cultural values of a certain country. One of the linguistic units that have accumulated such common and national-specific cultural values is an eponym. In recent years, it is crucially important to study the relationship between politics and language in the formation of a new political thinking, the influences of periodicals and linguistic units in the political discourse of politicians on public consciousness. Firstly, the importance of investigating the pragmatic influences of addressers to addressees by using eponyms in periodicals, the significance of forming recipients’ views on internal and world political issues are topical; and secondly, the ways of pragmatic influences of the discourses of politicians, in particular the main mechanisms of pragmatic influences of eponyms as a linguistic instrument of the political discourse, and to study the functions and the manipulative potentials of eponyms in the political discourse are acute. In terms of various professional communication, among political terms, eponyms play an important role as an onomastic term in political discourse. First and foremost, they are considered as one of the main sources of disciplinary education; secondly, they have national and international cognitive-cultural information and are broadly used in communication of specialists. However, until present time eponyms have not been the subject of research as a part of political discourse, and the systematic and lexicographical register has not been taken into account. These issues are relevant and need