WaveVortex Electrode Rotator User Guide Pine Research Instrumentation 2741 Campus Walk Avenue Building 100 Durham, NC 27705 USA http://www.pineresearch.com Phone: +1 919.782.8320 Fax: +1 919.782.8323 Copyright © 2017 Pine Research Instrumentation DRU10158 (REV 002 / DEC 2017) Table of Contents 1. Preface 1 1.1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Copyright .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Trademarks ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.4 Use Limitations ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.5 Harmful or Corrosive Substances ...................................................................................... 2 1.6 Service and Warranty Information .................................................................................... 3 1.7 Instrument Markings ............................................................................................................. 4 1.7.1 Model Number .................................................................................................................. 4 1.7.2 Serial Number .................................................................................................................... 4 1.7.3 Certifications and Listings ................................................................................................ 4 1.8 Specifications ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.9 Icons (Icônes) ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.10 Safety Labels (Étiquettes de sécurité) .............................................................................. 8 1.11 General Safety Warnings (Avertissements de sécurité généraux) .............................. 9 1.12 Hazardous Material Disclosures ....................................................................................... 13 2. Description 15 2.1 Major System Components .............................................................................................. 16 2.2 Typical Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) Design ............................................................... 21 2.3 Typical Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode (RRDE) Design .................................................... 22 3. Installation 23 3.1 Site Preparation .................................................................................................................. 23 3.2 Unpacking and Setting Up the Rotator ......................................................................... 23 4. Operation 26 4.1 The Cell Enclosure .............................................................................................................. 26 4.2 The Rotating Shaft .............................................................................................................. 26 4.3 Gas-Purged Bearing Assembly ........................................................................................ 27 4.4 Changing the Electrode Tip ............................................................................................. 28 4.5 Installing the Electrochemical Cell ................................................................................. 30 4.7 Rotation Rate Control ....................................................................................................... 33 4.7.1 Initial Power Sequence .................................................................................................. 34 4.7.2 Rotating the Electrode ................................................................................................... 34 4.8 Stopping the Motor ........................................................................................................... 35 4.9 Cell Connections ............................................................................................................... 37 4.10 Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) Connections .................................................................. 38 i DRU10158 (REV 002 / DEC 2017) 4.11 Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode (RRDE) Connections ...................................................... 39 4.12 Proper Grounding .............................................................................................................. 40 4.12.1 Earth Ground ................................................................................................................... 40 4.12.2 Chassis Terminal .............................................................................................................. 41 4.12.3 DC Common ................................................................................................................... 43 4.12.4 Typical Grounding Strategies ........................................................................................ 43 4.12.5 Indirect Grounding Connections ................................................................................. 44 4.13 Using the Rotator in a Glove Box..................................................................................... 45 4.14 External Rotation Rate Control ........................................................................................ 45 4.14.1 Monitoring the Rotation Rate ....................................................................................... 45 4.14.2 External Control of the Rotation Rate .......................................................................... 45 4.14.3 External Motor Stop Control .......................................................................................... 47 5. Electrodes 48 5.1 Electrode Handling Precautions ..................................................................................... 48 5.2 RDE Tips (E5 Series with PTFE shroud) ............................................................................... 50 5.3 RDE Tips (E5 Series with PEEK shroud) .............................................................................. 51 5.4 RDE Tips (ChangeDisk E5TQ Series) ................................................................................. 52 5.5 RRDE Tips (ChangeDisk E6R1 Series with PTFE shroud) ................................................. 53 5.6 RRDE Tips (ChangeDisk E6R1 Series with PEEK shroud) ................................................ 54 5.7 RRDE Tips (E6R2 Series with PEEK shroud and PEEK ring-disk seal) .............................. 55 5.8 RRDE Tips (ThinGap E7R8 Series with PTFE shroud and PTFE ring-disk seal) ............... 56 5.9 RRDE Tips (ThinGap E7R9 Series with PTFE shroud and PTFE ring-disk seal) ............... 57 5.10 Disk Inserts (for use with ChangeDisk Electrode Tips) ................................................... 58 6. Parts and Accessories 59 6.1 Mechanical Parts and Hardware ................................................................................... 59 6.2 Power Cords ....................................................................................................................... 61 7. Troubleshooting 63 8. Storage and Shipment 65 9. Theory 66 9.1 Forced Convection ........................................................................................................... 66 9.2 Half Reactions ..................................................................................................................... 66 9.3 Voltammetry ....................................................................................................................... 68 9.3.1 Voltammogram Plotting Conventions ......................................................................... 71 9.3.2 Measuring Limiting Currents .......................................................................................... 72 9.4 Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) Theory ............................................................................. 73 9.4.1 Levich Study ..................................................................................................................... 74 9.4.2 Koutecky-Levich Analysis ............................................................................................... 76 9.5 Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode (RRDE) Theory .................................................................. 77 ii DRU10158 (REV 002 / DEC 2017) 9.5.1 Theoretical Computation of the Collection Efficiency ............................................. 78 9.5.2 Empirical Measurement of the Collection Efficiency ................................................ 78 9.5.3 Generator/Collector Experiments ................................................................................ 80 9.5.4 Comparing Two Competing Pathways ....................................................................... 81 9.6 Rotating Cylinder Electrode (RCE) Theory ..................................................................... 82 9.7 References .......................................................................................................................... 83 10. Glossary 88 iii DRU10158 (REV 002 / DEC 2017) Table of Tables Table 1-1. Special Icons used in this Document. ................................................................................................. 6 Table 1-2.