Trends of Ownership and Control of Media in South Africa Prepared for: Media Development and Diversity Agency (MDDA) Prepared by: Z-Coms Version 3.3 15 June 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX OF TABLES.........................................................................................................................4 TABLE OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................6 TABLE OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................7 1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................23 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................24 1.1.1 Primary Objectives of the Research...................................................................................24 1.1.2 The Scope of the Project....................................................................................................25 2.0 OVERVIEW OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN MEDIA INDUSTRY ...........................................27 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................27 2.1.1 The South African Media Industry during Apartheid ..........................................................27 2.1.2 Press Freedom and the Bill of Rights.................................................................................28 2.1.3 Media Ownership and Control............................................................................................28 2.1.4 The Broadcasting Regulatory Environment .......................................................................29 2.2 History of the South African Media Industry .................................................................30 2.2.1 History of Broadcasting Media ...........................................................................................30 2.2.2 History of Print Media.........................................................................................................32 2.3 Current Status of the South African Media Industry.....................................................33 2.3.1 South African Media Industry Landscape ..........................................................................33 2.4 Major Players in the South African Media Industry ......................................................38 2.4.1 SABC .................................................................................................................................38 2.4.2 The Independent Newspapers Group ................................................................................40 2.4.3 Avusa .................................................................................................................................42 2.4.4 Naspers..............................................................................................................................46 2.4.5 Caxton / CTP......................................................................................................................51 2.4.6 Primedia .............................................................................................................................54 2.4.7 Kagiso Media .....................................................................................................................56 3.0 ANALYSIS OF RESULTS .................................................................................................59 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................59 Trends of Ownership and Control of Media in South Africa – Version 3.2 Page 2 of 149 3.2 Analysis of Broadcasting Media.....................................................................................59 3.2.1 Radio..................................................................................................................................59 3.2.2 Television ...........................................................................................................................73 3.2.3 Conclusions for Broadcasting Media..................................................................................80 3.3 Analysis of Print Media....................................................................................................80 3.3.1 Newspapers .......................................................................................................................81 3.3.2 Magazines..........................................................................................................................91 3.3.3 Conclusions for Print Media .............................................................................................104 3.4 Analysis of New Media ..................................................................................................105 3.4.1 The Internet......................................................................................................................105 3.4.2 Mobile Media....................................................................................................................123 3.4.3 Conclusions for New Media .............................................................................................126 4.0 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................128 4.1 Broadcast Media ............................................................................................................128 4.2 Print Media......................................................................................................................129 4.3 New Media.......................................................................................................................130 5.0 APPENDIX A ...................................................................................................................131 6.0 APPENDIX B: DATABASE INTERFACE –MAP SNAP SHOTS ....................................136 6.1 National ...........................................................................................................................136 6.2 Eastern Cape ..................................................................................................................137 6.3 Free State........................................................................................................................138 6.4 Gauteng...........................................................................................................................139 6.5 KwaZulu-Natal ................................................................................................................140 6.6 Limpopo ..........................................................................................................................141 6.7 Mpumalanga ...................................................................................................................142 6.8 North West ......................................................................................................................143 6.9 Northern Cape ................................................................................................................144 6.10 Western Cape .................................................................................................................145 7.0 APPENDIX D: MEDIA PROJECTS SUPPORTED BY MDDA ........................................146 Trends of Ownership and Control of Media in South Africa – Version 3.2 Page 3 of 149 INDEX OF TABLES Table 1: SABC Radio and Television Stations...............................................................................39 Table 2: Independent Newspapers Group Titles ...........................................................................41 Table 3: Avusa Newspapers and Magazine Titles.........................................................................44 Table 4: Naspers Media Titles .......................................................................................................48 Table 5: Caxton Newspaper and Magazine Titles .........................................................................52 Table 6: Primedia Magazine Titles and Radio Stations .................................................................55 Table 7: Kagiso Media Radio Stations...........................................................................................57 Table 8: SABC Radio Stations.......................................................................................................62 Table 9: Private Commercial and Secondary Market Radio Stations ............................................63 Table 10: Mpumalanga Province Community Radio Station .........................................................65 Table 11: Northern Cape Province Community Radio Station.......................................................65 Table 12: Free State Province Community Radio Station .............................................................66 Table 13: Limpopo Province Community Radio Station ................................................................67 Table 14: Eastern Cape Province Community Radio Station ........................................................67