639 Cranial Nerves. This article, though short, is a valuable and the fluid from the cyst should at once begin to run ; if it does not the rubber air-ball should be one and represents an amazing amount of careful work. compressed, when the contents of the if fluid or The above-named nerves were dissected out along their whole cyst, gelatinous, should certainly find exit. The makers are Messrs. Arnold course and after being hardened were sectioned along their and Sons of Smithfield, London, E.C. entire length. 8. By Dr. Walter H. Gaskell, F.R.S.: On the Cheltenham. ALEXANDER DUKE. Origin of Vertebrates deduced from the Study of Ammo- coetes. This article constitutes the ninth part of a long argument on a theory advanced by Dr. Gaskell in regard to AN LIST. the phylogeny of the Vertebrata contained in previous INTERESTING numbers of the Journal and is occupied with a discussion on the probable mode of origin of the vertebrate eye. 9. THE following is a list of the Fellows of the Royal College The last article contains the proceedings of the Anatomical of Physicians of London and a few (old) Licentiates or Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Members who held appointments to Her late Majesty Quem Victoria as physicians :- 1837.-Sir Henry Halford, Bart., physician to the Queen ; Sir James M’Grigor, Bart., Sir Henry Holland, Bart., and Dr. Richard Bright, physicians extra- New Inventions. ordinary ; Sir James Clark, physician to the Queen and to the Queen’s household (Licentiate); and Dr. Neil Arnott, physician extraordinary A SYRINGE FOR THE NOSE AND EAR. (Licentiate). THE accompanying illustration shows a syringe for 1838.-Dr. Peter Mere Latham, physician extraordinary cleansing the nose and ear, the scale on which it is drawn and Dr. William Frederic Chambers, physician to, being two-thirds of the natural size. The instrument is simple the Queen and to the Queen Dowager. 1842.-Dr. John to the The Forbes, physician Queen’s household in construction and cannot well get out of order. glass (Licentiate). nozzles are replaceable and can be easily kept clean and 1846.-Sir Charles Locock, Bart., physician accoucheur. 1847.-Dr. Robert Ferguson, physician accoucheur. 1859.-Sir Thomas Watson, Bart., physician-in-ordinary; and Dr. William Baly, physician extraordinary. 1861.-Dr. Francis Hawkins, physician to the Queen’s house- hold ; and Sir William Jenner, Bart., physician-in- ordinary. 1866.-Sir Thomas Galbraith Logan, honorary physician. 1868.-Sir Alexander Armstrong, honorary surgeon. 1870.-Dr. Alexander Nisbet (Member) and Dr. Benjamin Proctor Rooke (t)M&6?’), honorary physicians. 1871.-Sir George Burrows, physician-in-ordinary; and Dr. Wilson Fox, physician extraordinary. 1873.-Sir William Gull, Bart., physician extraordinary. 1874.-Sir Edward Sieveking, physician-in-ordinary ; and Sir Joseph Fayrer, Bart., honorary physician. 1875.-Dr. Charles J. B. Williams, physician extra- ordinary. 1876.-Sir James Alderson and Dr. Arthur Farre, physicians .sterilised. The indiarubber bag may be washed out with extraordinary. strong antiseptic solution when necessary and a few minutes’ 1879.-Sir J. Russell Reynolds, physician to the Queen’s boiling does not seem to damage it. The cost is such as to household. - bring it within the reach of hospital patients. The syringe 1881.-Sir William Richard Edwin Smart, honorary physician is made by Messrs. Allen and Hanburys from my suggestion. (M&e). W. H. KELSON, F.R.C.S. Eng. 1883.-Dr. George Owen Rees, physician extraordinary. 1889.-Dr. Thomas Graham Balfour, honorary physician. 1890.-Sir George Johnson, physician extraordinary ; and NEW OVARIOTOMY TROCAR TUBE. Sir R. Douglas-Powell, Bart., and Sir James Reid, Bart., physicians-in-ordinary. WHEN tapping an ovarian cyst the difficulty of getting the 1891.-Sir Richard Quain, Bart., and Sir Alfred Garrod, fluid to travel down the exit tube attached to the trocar has physicians extraordinary. been experienced by many operators. The one depicted in 1892.-Dr. Thomas Edmonston Charles, honorary physician. 1897.-Sir Samuel Bart.. the illustration below has been designed to meet this: Wilks, physician extraordinary. 1898.-Sir Thomas Barlow, Bart., physician to the Queen’s household. 1899.-Dr. James Edward Pollock and Sir William H. Broadbent, physicians extraordinary. 1900.-Dr. Alexander Bradshaw (Member), honorary phy- sician, and Sir Thomas Barlow, Bart., physician extraordinary and physician to the Queen’s housEa hold. BRISTOL HEALTH COMMITTEE.- At a meeting of the Bristol Health Committee held on Feb. 19th it was reported that the expenditure for the health department, infectious hospitals, and port sanitary authority for the past six months amounted to 11,469. This exceeded by nearly E2000 the estimated expenditure. BATH SOUTHERN DISPENSARY.—The annual meeting of the subscribers of this institution was held on Feb. 12th under the presidency of the mayor. The medical difficulty.’When the cyst has been tapped and the contentss report stated that 649 patients had been attended during will not flow a jug of water poured into the funnel-shapedi the year, and of these 267 were visited at their own homes. opening at the side of the rubber tube will create a vacuumi The financial statement showed a satisfactory balance, 640 advised, be better, and (I have no hesitation in adding) more humane than our present methods." In the end, Dr. ANDERSON advocates imprisonment for life in the case of habitual and professional criminals, and he bases his penal scheme upon the criminal’s love of liberty. He says that " in setting themselves to punish crime our criminal courts are pursuiog a wrong system, a system unworthy of the age, a system begotten of medimval LONDON: SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1901. superstition and ignorance." Dr. ANDERSON is no doubt right when he insists upon a full and open inquiry into the prisoner’s character and antecedents, an inquiry upon Crime and Punishment. a more elaborate, formal, and dignified footing than the IN the February number of the Nineteencth Century Dr. investigation which is now carried out by some judges. The ROBERT ANDERSON, the Assistant Commissioner of Police of result of this inquiry would determine whether the prisoner the Metropolis, discusses the national penal system under is "a citizen or an outlaw." Then, if he is an outlaw and the uncomplimentary title, "Onr Absurd System of Punish- if he belongs to the first, the weak or wicked, class, Dr. ing Crime." Anything written on the subject of crime or ANDERSON would have him " sent to an asylum prison where criminals by a public official of such ripe experience cannot his life can be spent in useful labour with every reasonable fail to be of interest to the community. Upon certain alleviation of his lot." If, on the other hand, he belongs statistics of metropolitan crime-statistics which we are to the deliberate professional criminal type let him bound at the outset to say we do not accept as being in be deprived of the liberty he abuses." Bearing themselves conclusive-Dr. ANDERSON satisfies himself that in mind that only crimes against property are under it is a fact, and a fact of which every expert is aware, consideration it is not unnatural that Dr. ANDERSON "than while crime generally is diminishing professional at this point introduces into his scheme the subject of crime is on the increase." He goes on to say that this the abolition of the market for stolen property. "Let the development of the professional criminal is becoming a prisoner," he says, "be required to disclose what he has done serious public danger. Dr. ANDERSON addresses himself with his booty, and if he refuses, or fails to satisfy the to the task of averting this danger, and his thesis court that it is out of his power to do so, let there be is that " while crime in general is an inefface- but one sentence-imprisonment for life." We are by no able blot upon our civilisation, professional crime is means so sanguine as Dr. ANDERSON is that his suggestion, preventable and might be suppressed." He divides pro- of which he thinks nine-tenths of the community will fessional criminals, essentially burglars, housebreakers, and unreservedly approve, would, if carried into e:Eect, succeed shopbreakers, into two classes: those who are so utterly weak in preventing or suppressing professional crime. We do or so hopelessly wicked that they cannot abstain from crime, not think a judge and jury would be induced to consign and those who pursue a career of crime deliberately, with a man to life imprisonment upon an issue that was full appreciation of its risks. We cannot say that we regard not before the court, nor can we imagine a’ legislature this classification as being either definite or practical, for having the temerity to authorise or to ask them to do so. it is difficult to know what value to put upon the terms Dr. ANDERSON, in urging imprisonment for life on an " weak " and "wicked" in this relation, while, we take it, extended scale, takes shelter behind the eminent jurist few burglars proceed to work without a full apprecia- Sir JAMES FITZJAMES STEPHEN, whose advocacy of an tion of the risk they are running. However, let us try to extension of the death penalty is given in the following follow Dr. ANDERSON in his way of working out a problem quotations : "I would punish with death offences against that is by no means easy. property only upon great deliberation and when it was made Our methods of dealing with the weak and wicked are, he to appear, by a formal public inquiry held after a conviction says, unintelligent and harsh. Our methods in the case of for an isolated offence, that the criminal really was an professional criminals, those who are criminals by deliberate habitual, hardened, practically irreclaimable offender.......I choice, he looks upon as being indefensible and equally suspect that a small number of executions.....