TOOLKIT FOR BUILDING DISASTER-RESILIENT SCHOOL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA For further information, please contact the Educational Research and Innovation Office, SEAMEO INNOTECH, Commonwealth Ave., Diliman 1101, Quezon City, Philippines ISBN: 978-971-0487-85-1 (Print) ISBN: 978-971-0487-86-8 (e-Book) All images in this book have been reproduced with the knowledge and prior consent of the individuals concerned. No responsibility is accepted by the producer, publisher or printer for any infringement of copyright or otherwise arising from contents of this publication. Every effort has been made to ensure that credits accurately comply with information supplied. Published by SEAMEO INNOTECH www.seameo-innotech.org Printed in the Philippines First printing, 2014 FOREWORD Education for sustainable development (ESD) is one of the central themes of SEAMEO INNOTECH’s 8th Five-Year Development Plan. As a concrete contribution to this broad theme, the Center embarked on developing a regional toolkit that focuses on more specific sub-themes: education in emergencies (EiE) and disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM). EiE and DRRM are two of the main pillars of ESD contributing to the goal of creating resilient and sustainable school communities. UNESCO describes the strategic role of education for disaster reduction as addressing three key activity areas: 1. saving lives and preventing injuries should a hazardous event occur; 2. preventing interruptions to the provision of education, or to ensure its swift resumption in the event of an interruption; and 3. developing a resilient population that is able to reduce the economic, social and cultural impacts should a hazardous event occur. The TOOLKIT FOR BUILDING DISASTER-RESILIENT SCHOOL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA is a modest attempt of the Center to collate several existing planning tools, personal disaster-related experiences and stories, reference materials, and school-based DRRM innovations and good practices revolving around internationally-recognized frameworks as a contribution in strengthening the education sector as a strategic partner in building disaster-resilient school communities. SEAMEO INNOTECH hopes that the readers will be able to take stock of the wealth of materials found in this Toolkit thus equipping themselves with appropriate knowledge, skills, and tools to be able to effectively prepare for and respond to disaster-related crises as a result of climate change and competing development priorities in Southeast Asia. RAMON C. BACANI Center Director i Acknowledgements Our deepest gratitude goes to the Ministries of Education (MOEs) of 11 SEAMEO Member Countries for supporting education in emergencies (EiE) and disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) as important pillars under the broader theme of education for sustainable development (ESD). Special thanks is also accorded to the MOEs for serving as key informants and for guiding and assisting the research team in developing this toolkit. The Center would also like to express its sincere thanks to the SEAMEO Secretariat Office in Bangkok, Thailand for allowing us to benefit from the results of the SEAMEO-Japan ESD Award, particularly the “Best Practices: 2012 SEAMEO-Japan ESD Award on Education for Disaster Risk Reduction.” We greatly appreciate all partner institutions who generously gave their permission for us to include their DRRM resource materials as an integral part of this toolkit. Gratitude goes to Dr. Luz Escubil for accepting the challenge of weaving together the substantial amount of collected materials into one meaningful toolkit. Special thanks also goes to Dr. Edwin Philip Horca of Save the Children for providing his expertise and technical guidance in making the Toolkit more relevant and user-friendly. This toolkit was prepared under the general guidance of SEAMEO INNOTECH Center Director Ramon C. Bacani, and Educational Research and Innovation Office Manager Philip J. Purnell. Led by Senior Specialist Yolanda C. De Las Alas, the research team include Lauren Nerisse S. Bautista, Senior Associate, Rhio C. Dilag, Program Assistant, and Mars Balisacan, Project Assistant. We would also like to acknowledge the support of Saira Ferrer and Albert Banico for assisting the research team particularly during the data collection phase. Gratitude is also extended to Jasper Peteza for the graphics and layout design, and Evelyn Juan for copy editing the Toolkit. Finally, the Center significantly recognizes the contribution of all school heads, teachers, students, parents, and other community members who generously shared their personal stories, experiences, challenges, joys and achievements in relation to DRRM. ii Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures................................................................................................................................... v List of Tools ..................................................................................................................................... vi List of Case Stories .......................................................................................................................... vi Acronyms and Abbreviation ......................................................................................................... viii INTRODUCTION i. About the Toolkit ................................................................................................................ 1 ii. Key Concepts ...................................................................................................................... 5 iii. Impact of Disasters on Education ....................................................................................... 8 iv. Building School Resiliency ................................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 1 DISASTER PROFILE AND STATUS OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 1.1 Exposure to Hazards ......................................................................................................... 14 1.1.1 Natural Hazards Affecting the Region ............................................................................... 17 1.1.2 Biological and Man-Made Hazards Significantly Affecting the Region ............................. 22 1.2 Regional DRRM ................................................................................................................. 25 1.3 Education in Emergencies ................................................................................................ 36 CHAPTER 2 INITIATIVES AND INNOVATIONS FOR SAFER SCHOOLS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 2.1 Safe School Framework and Education in Emergency Standards ..................................... 42 2.1.1 Pillar 1: Safe Learning Facilities......................................................................................... 43 2.1.2 Pillar 2: School Disaster Management .............................................................................. 67 2.1.3 Pillar 3: Risk Reduction and Resilience Education ............................................................ 88 2.2 Education Continuity Plan .............................................................................................. 116 CHAPTER 3 USEFUL ANNOTATED ANTHOLOGY OF DRRM MATERIALS FOR EDUCATORS 3.1. Safe School Facilities ....................................................................................................... 127 3.2. School Disaster Management ......................................................................................... 128 3.3. Risk Reduction and Resilience Education ....................................................................... 128 Annotated Anthology ..................................................................................................... 129 iii CHAPTER 4 DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT INITIATIVES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 4.1 Brunei Darussalam ......................................................................................................... 236 4.2 Cambodia ....................................................................................................................... 242 4.3 Indonesia ........................................................................................................................ 248 4.4 Lao PDR .......................................................................................................................... 255 4.5 Malaysia ......................................................................................................................... 263 4.6 Myanmar ........................................................................................................................ 272 4.7 Philippines ...................................................................................................................... 282 4.8 Singapore ........................................................................................................................ 297 4.9 Thailand .......................................................................................................................... 304 4.10 Timor-Leste ..................................................................................................................... 310 4.11 Vietnam .......................................................................................................................... 314