Hystrix It. J. Mamm. (n.s.) 22(1) 2011: 129-138 Pag. 128 disegno FURTHER RECORDS OF MURINA TIENSA FROM VIETNAM WITH FIRST INFORMATION ON ITS ECHOLOCATION CALLS 1,2* 2 2 VU DINH THONG , CHRISTIAN DIETZ , ANNETTE DENZINGER , PAUL 3 4 5 6 J.J. BATES , NEIL M. FUREY , GABOR CSORBA , GLENN HOYE , LE 1 2 DINH THUY , HANS-ULRICH SCHNITZLER 1Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam; *Corresponding author, email: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Animal Physiology, Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Tuebin- gen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany 3Harrison Institute, Bowerwood House, St Botolph‘s Road, Sevenoaks, Kent, TN13 3AQ, United Kingdom 4Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK 5Department of Zoology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1083 Budapest, Ludovika ter 2. Hungary 6Fly By Night Bat Surveys, PO Box 271, Belmont, New South Wales, Australia 2280 Received 14 October 2010; accepted 28 February 2011 ABSTRACT - The fairy tube-nosed bat, Murina tiensa, is considered to be endemic to Vietnam. It is known only from the original description, when it was found at two localities in limestone karst areas. In 2008, we conducted a series of intensive field surveys through- out the country and obtained additional records of this species from various habitats, in- cluding degraded to nearly pristine forests and an offshore island. Our results indicate that M. tiensa is a sexually dimorphic species, females being considerably larger than males in all external and craniodental measurements. The species emits broadband, downward fre- quency-modulated echolocation calls with a dominant first harmonic. When handheld or when flying in a flight tent, signals had a similar structure and were emitted in groups of 2– 4 signals. On average, signals swept from 150 to 49 kHz in 2.2 ms for handheld bats, and, from 145 to 50 kHz in 1.9 ms for flying bats. M. tiensa often occurred in sympatry with M. cyclotis and several rhinolophids. Key words: Chiroptera, ecology, FM-bats, Murininae, sexual dimorphism, taxonomy. RIASSUNTO - Nuove segnalazioni di Murina tiensa in Vietnam e primi dati sulle sue ecolocalizzazioni. Murina tiensa è una specie endemica del Vietnam, rinvenuta in due sole località carsiche. Nel 2008, una serie di campagne di ricerca ha permesso di ottenere ulte- riori segnalazioni in diversi habitat, inclusi ambienti forestali, sia degradati sia quasi integri, e insulari. Sulla base dei nuovi reperti, M. tiensa è specie dimorfica, con femmine di dimen- sioni maggiori. Emette eco localizzazioni FM a banda larga, con una prima armonica domi- nante. I segnali vengono emessi in gruppi di 2-4 e mostrano una struttura simile sia quando gli animali sono trattenuti, sia quando sono in volo. Nel primo caso, in media, il segnale si 129 Thong et al. estende da 150 a 49 kHz in 2,2 ms, nel secondo da 145 a 50 kHz in 1,9 ms. M. tiensa è stato spesso rinvenuto in simpatria con M. cyclotis e vari rinolofidi. Parole chiave: Chiroptera, ecologia, pipistrelli FM, Murininae, dimorfismo sessuale, tasso- nomia. DOI: 10.4404/Hystrix-22.1-4533 INTRODUCTION Although the assessment of the taxo- nomic status of some Vietnamese tube- Over the past centuries, the bat fauna of nosed bat species is still required Vietnam has received little attention (Csorba, in litt.), at least seven species from scientists. Huynh et al. (1994) of the genus Murina occur in the coun- provided a checklist of Vietnamese try. Identification of material collected mammals, which includes three species from our field surveys in 2008 revealed of Murina (Murina cyclotis, M. huttoni, further records. Here we provide new and M. tubinaris). Subsequently, M. records of M. tiensa from four addi- leucogaster was documented from Pu tional localities, together with the first Mat National Park, Central Vietnam data on its echolocation calls and in- (Hendrichsen et al. 2001). Borissenko formation on its ecology. and Kruskop (2003) identified a small individual collected from the Langbian MATERIALS AND METHODS Plateau, Southern Vietnam as M. au- rata. These records of M. leucogaster 1. Materials and M. aurata in Vietnam were not ratified by Simmons (2005) in a global IEBR T.220408.2, adult female, body in overview of bat species. Csorba et al. alcohol, skull extracted, collected by VDT (2007) examined a specimen from Pu on 22 April 2008, Cat Ba National Park Mat National Park, which had been (CBNP), Hai Phong City, Vietnam, previously referred to M. huttoni by 20°48'N, 107°01'E, 148 m a.s.l; IEBR Hendrichsen et al. (2001), and classi- T.290708.6, adult female; IEBR fied it, together with three other speci- T.290708.7, adult male, body in alcohol, mens from Kim Hy Nature Reserve, skull extracted; plus a released adult male, Northern Vietnam, as a new species, collected on 29 July 2008, Xuan Son Na- namely Murina tiensa. Subsequently, tional Park (XSNP), Tan Son District, Phu Kruskop and Eger (2008) examined the Tho Province, 21°07'N, 104°57'E, 558 m single specimen assigned to M. aurata a.s.l.; HNHM 2009.6.2 (field number T.010908.10), adult female, collected on 01 (Borissenko and Kruskop 2003), and September 2008, Tam Dao National Park classified it, together with another (TDNP), Tam Dao District, Vinh Phuc specimen from the same locality Province, Vietnam, 21°28'N; 105°38'E, 970 (Langbian Plateau, Southern Vietnam), m a.s.l.; HNHM 2010.42.1 (field number as an additional new species, M. har- T.070607.2), adult male, collected on 07 pioloides. Recently, another tube-nosed June 2007, Co Ma Proposed Nature Re- bat species from Vietnam, M. eleryi, serve (CMPNR), Thuan Chau District, Son was described by Furey et al. (2009). La Province, Vietnam. 130 Thong et al. Murina tiensa from Vietnam estende da 150 a 49 kHz in 2,2 ms, nel secondo da 145 a 50 kHz in 1,9 ms. M. tiensa è stato 2. Comparative materials gion; BCW, braincase width — the maxi- spesso rinvenuto in simpatria con M. cyclotis e vari rinolofidi. mum width of the braincase; BCH, brain- HZM.2.38178 (holotype); HNHM case height — taken from the basisphenoid Parole chiave: Chiroptera, ecologia, pipistrelli FM, Murininae, dimorfismo sessuale, tasso- 2007.28.1 (paratype); IEBR FT.301006.1 at the level of the hamular process; C1–M3, nomia. (paratype); HZM 1.31525. maxillary toothrow length — from the front of the upper canine to the back of the DOI: 10.4404/Hystrix-22.1-4533 The museum acronyms are as follows: IEBR T. and IEBR FT., the collection of crown of the third molar; C1–P4, upper Vu Dinh Thong, Institute of Ecology and canine-premolar length — from the front of INTRODUCTION Although the assessment of the taxo- Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam; the upper canine to the back of the crown nomic status of some Vietnamese tube- HNHM, Hungarian Natural History Mu- of the posterior premolar; ml, length of the Over the past centuries, the bat fauna of nosed bat species is still required seum, Budapest, Hungary; HZM, Harrison mandible — from the anterior rim of the Vietnam has received little attention (Csorba, in litt.), at least seven species Institute, Sevenoaks, Great Britain, for- alveolus of the first lower incisor to the from scientists. Huynh et al. (1994) of the genus Murina occur in the coun- merly Harrison Zoological Museum. most posterior part of the condyle; c1–m3, mandibular toothrow length — from the provided a checklist of Vietnamese try. Identification of material collected mammals, which includes three species 3. Bat capture and measurements front of the lower canine to the back of the from our field surveys in 2008 revealed crown of the third lower molar; c1–p4, of Murina (Murina cyclotis, M. huttoni, further records. Here we provide new lower canine-premolar length — from the and M. tubinaris). Subsequently, M. records of M. tiensa from four addi- All bats were captured using four-bank front of the lower canine to the back of the leucogaster was documented from Pu tional localities, together with the first harp traps set across footpaths and narrow crown of the posterior premolar; cph, Mat National Park, Central Vietnam data on its echolocation calls and in- streams in forested habitats. The following height of the coronoid process — taken measurements were taken from both the (Hendrichsen et al. 2001). Borissenko formation on its ecology. perpendicularly from the extremity of the collected specimens and museum compara- and Kruskop (2003) identified a small coronoid process to the indentation of the individual collected from the Langbian tive materials using digital callipers accu- ramus mandibulae. MATERIALS AND METHODS rate to the nearest 0.1 mm: FA, forearm Plateau, Southern Vietnam as M. au- length — from the extremity of the elbow rata. These records of M. leucogaster 4. Sound recording and analysis 1. Materials to that of the carpus with the wings folded; and M. aurata in Vietnam were not SL, total length of the skull — from the ratified by Simmons (2005) in a global Echolocation calls of the individuals from IEBR T.220408.2, adult female, body in anterior rim of the alveolus of the first CBNP, TDNP, and XSNP were recorded in overview of bat species. Csorba et al. alcohol, skull extracted, collected by VDT upper incisor to the most projecting point two different situations (while handheld (2007) examined a specimen from Pu on 22 April 2008, Cat Ba National Park of the occipital region; MSL, maximum and flying inside a flight tent) using the Mat National Park, which had been (CBNP), Hai Phong City, Vietnam, length of the skull — antero-posterior di- PCTape system (480 kHz, 16 bit).