INDEX 3HO (Happy, Holy, Healthy Punjabi-Sikhs in 175–177, 177–178 Organization) 396, 382 regional Sikhs of 184–186 9/11 214, 354, 359 Sikhs in post-independence 179–180 children’s literature as response to Assam Ramgarhia Sabha 177 360, 375, 376 authors, Sikh 352 impact on Sikh community 359–360 see also children’s literature; literature Axel, Brian Keith, The Nation’s Tortured Act XIII 177 Body 73, 76 Adi Granth 3–4 Africa 56 bachola 234 lions of Tsavo region 93–94 Backhaus, Bhira, Under the Lemon Sikh immigrants in 93–94, 385–386 Trees 372–374, 375 Agrahari Sikhs 181–184 Bains, Satwinder Kaur 93 Aguilillians 27 Balantyne, Tony 312 A’in-e Akbari 60 Baldev (elderly male Sikh migrant in Akali Sikhs 172, 173–174, 180 Tanzania) 268–271 Akali Singh Society 109 Balibar, Étienne 22 Akhand Kirtani Jatha (AKJ) 383, 399–400 Banaras 167 Alberta Agricultural Service Board 93 “band le gandari” 67 A Lion’s Mane (Kaur) 361–362, 364 Banerjee, Himadri xiii, 7–8 All-India Gurdwaras Act 189 Bara Sikh Sangat 182, 183 All-India Ramgarhia Sabha 177–178 Barrier, N.G. 336 Althusser, L. 43–44 Barrow, J. 400 Amin, Samir 21, 23, 35 Batth, Jagg 297 Amit (elderly female Sikh migrant Battle of Hadirachaki 186 in Tanzania) 268, 272–276 Baumann, Martin 55, 57 Amritsar 53, 175, 180 Beacon News, The 147, 149–150 Angel Island 353 Bend It Like Beckham 307 Anti-Asian League 394 Bhai Gurdas 61 anti-Sikh riots 110, 355 Bhakoo, S. 252 Apna Punjab Hove (Gurdas Mann) bhangra 3, 8–9, 77, 279, 314–315 293–294, 295, 310, 311 agricultural cycles and 288, 291–292, Appadurai, Arjun 19–20, 41–48, 295, 309 334–335 appropriation of 303–304, 305 ‘Disjuncture and Difference in the Bollywood versions of 98, 285, 299, Global Cultural Economy’ 41 303, 307, 313, 388 disjuncture theory 44–47 centrality of Punjabi culture 285–286 Appadurai, Arjun et al. 261 communitas and 97–98, 286 Arati 98, 99 cross border sources 82–83 archival specificity 6, 15–16 cultural difference and 304 Ardas 118 Dalit performance of 289, 304, 314 Armstrong, Jane 297 dancing at celebrations and 307 Armstrong, John 13 in diaspora 78–83, 280, 300–301, Ashcroft, Bill 75–76 306–307, 308 Asomiya-Sikhs 178, 185 distinctions of 288–289 Assam 189 East African Sikhs and 387 Asomiya-Sikhs in 185–186 gender in 312–313 406 index genre and 287–288 Bross, Bill 150 hierarchies of caste, gender and Buber, Martin 89, 90 ethnicity 279, 297, 310–311, 315 bundle, cloth 67, 77 Jat-centrism of 279–280, 286, 289–290, Bustamante, Cruz M. 360 295–296, 296–297, 300, 301–302, 306, Butler, Kim 59 308, 310–311, 311–312 “Defining Diaspora, Refining Jatpana and 297, 315 a Discourse” 57–58 lyrics and music in 80–81, 97–98, 312 Buttar, Vinaypal, Jatt vs. Churail 313 masculinity and 292, 297, 310 butterfly effect 45 musical flows of 78, 82 naqli or fake 289, 301 Calgary, Sikh community in 7 origins of 81–82 Calgary Herald 258 performance of 288, 306–308 California, Sikh immigrants to 394 political themes of 302 Canadian Citizenship Act 109 popular and modern forms of 287 Canadian Pacific Railroad 92 Punjabiyat and 280–281, 290–291 Canadian Sikh Council 210 remix 298, 299–300, 300–301, 303, 312 capital roots 299, 300, 308, 315 spectral or finance 39 rural imaginary in 294–295, 309–310, transnational 28–29, 30, 31–32 311, 315 see also social capital South Asian and Pan-Indian identity capital accumulation 20–21, 24, 25 and 298–299, 301 advanced 22–23 sub-genres of 289–291 butterfly effect and 45 themes and formulae in 79–81 dialectical stages of 23 use of term 286–288 globalisation and 35–36 in Western music scene 298 new transnational 26–27, 32 women and 297, 305 capitalism 23, 25 ‘worlds of performance’ of 289 mercantile 20, 22 youth subcultures and 79, 83 nation-states and 26–27 Bhangu, Ratan Singh, Panth Prakash 331 plantation 22 bhatras 390–392 Carter, Paul 75 Bihari-Sikhs 181–184 cassette culture 334, 334n36, 389 Bill (Hong Kong–China trade case categories, analytical study) 221, 225–227, 228 discontinuity of 43, 44 Bindhu’s Weddings (the Singhs) 363–365 relative or partial autonomy of 43–44 Bishop, Sam 368 Catholic Church, in Quebec 204 blogs 336 centre (core)-periphery boliyaan 80, 287, 386, 309 dichotomy 25–26, 34, 35 Bouchard, Gérard 209 Chakrabarty, Dipesh 24 Bouchard-Taylor Commission 209–214 Chaliand, Gerard and Jean-Pierre boundarymaking 68–69, 70, 71, 72, Rageau 57 74–75, 76 Chambers, Iain 21 Boy with Long Hair, The (Singh) 360–361 chaos systems 45 Brah, Avtar 280, 294 charhdi-kala 118, 121 Brahmaputra Valley 175, 178, 181, 184, 185 Charsely, Katherine 244 ‘brain drain’ 395, 397, 398 Charter of Rights and Freedoms 124 Brar, Guddi 94 Cheuk, Ka-Kin xiii, 8 Manji (daughter) 94 children’s literature (Sikh) bride price 235 aims of 355–356 Britain. See United Kingdom America-centrism in 362–363 British Columbia didactic or moral purpose of 36–368, ‘East Indian’ immigrants in 108–109 360–361, 362 Sikh immigrants to 105–110, 393–394 gender in 356–357, 370–371 Societies Act 106 identity and belonging in 375–376, 376.