E V Electric Vehicle Infrastructure for the Monterey Bay Area The Associa on of Monterey Bay Area Governments August 2013 The prepara on of this document was funded by a grant awarded by the Monterey Bay Unifi ed Air Pollu on Control District (MUAPCD), as part of the AB2766 program. Project Staff Alan Romero, Monterey Bay Unifi ed Air Pollu on Control District (MBUAPCD) AMBAG Dawn Mathes, Monterey County Resource Management Agency (RMA) Paul Hierling, Planner Carl P. Holm, Monterey County RMA Cody Meyer, Planner Craig Spencer, Monterey County RMA Anais Schenk, Planner Mario Salazar, Monterey County RMA Jason Adelaars, GIS Michael Ricker, City of Salinas Ecology Ac on Veronica Lezama, San Benito Council of Piet Canin, Vice President, Transporta on Governments Group Tegan Speiser, Santa Cruz County RTC Emily Glanville, Program Specialist Michael Zeller, TAMC Monterey Bay Unifi ed Air James Wasserman, Zero Motorcycles, Plug- Pollu on Control District In America Alan Romero, Air Quality Planner III Megan Tolbert, CSU Monterey Bay EV Communi es Alliance Piet Canin, Ecology Ac on Richard Corcoran, PEV Owner Richard Schorske, CEO Teresa Buika, UC Santa Cruz Previous staff contributors Richard Schorske, EV Communi es Alliance John Doughty Randy Deshazo, Principal Planner Linda Meckel, Planner, Project Manager MBEVA Plug-In Electric Vehicle Coordina ng Council Sharon Sarris, Green Fuse Energy Kris Markey, Offi ce of Monterey County Supervisor Parker Andy Hartmann, Interna onal Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Cheryl Schmi , City of Santa Cruz For more informa on regarding this study, contact Anais Schenk at [email protected] 2 E V Electric Vehicle Infrastructure for the Monterey Bay Area Execu ve Summary............................................................................................................................................... 6 Acronyms & Glossary Terms .................................................................................................................................. 8 Introduc on ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Why Electric Vehicles are Important to the Success of the Monterey Bay Region .......................................... 11 Mee ng Climate Change Goals and Diversifying the Transporta on Sector ..................................................13 Why Have a Coordinated EV Infrastructure Plan ............................................................................................ 14 The Role of Electric Vehicles in Transporta on in the Monterey Bay Area in 2035 .........................................14 State of the Industry .......................................................................................................................................... 17 Parking Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................................... 17 Cost of Owning an EV ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Early Adopter Market ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Electric Vehicle Driver Consumer Behavior ..................................................................................................... 20 Charing Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................... 21 Peer-to-Peer Charging .................................................................................................................................... 24 Current Ba ery Technology ............................................................................................................................ 25 Vehicle Ac vity Intensity Analysis ....................................................................................................................... 31 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 31 Limita ons of the Study .................................................................................................................................. 35 Fleets .............................................................................................................................................................. 38 Other Methods to Site EV Sta ons.................................................................................................................. 39 Best Prac ces .................................................................................................................................................. 41 Infrastructure Rollout Plan .................................................................................................................................. 45 AMBAG 2011 EV Charging Sta on Project ..................................................................................................... 45 Future EV Infrastructure Ac vi es ..................................................................................................................48 Opera ons & Maintenance ................................................................................................................................. 55 Opera on Business Models ............................................................................................................................ 55 Charging System Maintenance ....................................................................................................................... 58 Vehicle Maintenance ...................................................................................................................................... 58 Needs and Exis ng Resources for EV Success ...................................................................................................... 61 Federal & State Incen ves .............................................................................................................................. 61 Municipal Policies and Codes ......................................................................................................................... 61 Emergency Response Training ........................................................................................................................ 63 Local Electric Vehicle Related Companies ....................................................................................................... 64 Local Support Groups ...................................................................................................................................... 64 Legisla ve Background ....................................................................................................................................... 69 State Legisla on ............................................................................................................................................. 69 Appendix A: Map Book of Monterey Bay Area Jurisdic on Poten al EV Charging Areas ...................................... 74 Appendix B: Electric Vehicle Matrix ....................................................................................................................100 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................118 3 Figures & Tables. Figure 1. Importance of Factors Determining When PEV Drivers Charge ................................................................................20 Figure 2. All Electric Range Desired for Extreme Sa sfac on Among PEV Owners ..................................................................21 Figure 3. Example of how a Suitability Analysis works. ..........................................................................................................31 Figure 4. Example of AMBAG input for the analysis. ..............................................................................................................31 Figure 5. More examples of AMBAG input for the analysis. ...................................................................................................34 Figure 4. Priority Scores for the AMBAG Region. ....................................................................................................................31 Figure 5. More examples of AMBAG input for the analysis. ...................................................................................................31 Figure 6. Poten al Charging Areas in the AMBAG Region ......................................................................................................35 Figure 7. More examples of AMBAG input for the analysis. ...................................................................................................35 Figure 8. UC Berkeley Global Venture Lab - User Model Personas, 2008. ...............................................................................36 Figure 9. Parks and Recrea onal Areas in the Tri-County Area ...............................................................................................37 Figure 10. Poten al Sta on Loca ons for Filling Gaps in Exis ng Charging Infrastructure. .....................................................37 Figure 11. Top