INDEX Abbasid Caliphate, 13, 348 Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh Abbott, Nabia (1897–1981), 102, 375 al-Jazāʾirī al-Zawāwī, see al-Zawāwī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Yūsuf b. Hishām, see Ibn Abū ʾl-ʿAbbās Aḥmad b. ʿAbd Allāh Hishām (d. 761/1360) al-Jazāʾirī (d. 884/1479–80) ʿAbd Allāh b. Yāsīn, see Ibn Yāsīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad al-Jazūlī, (d. 451/1059) al-Hājj, see al-Jazūlī (d. 870/1465) ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Miknāsī (d. 963/1557), Abū ʿAlī Muḥammad b. al-Mustanīr 121, 156, 161, 167, 168, 169 Qutrub,̣ see Qutruḅ (d. 206/821) ʿAbd al-Bārī al-ʿAshmāwī al-Rifāʿī, Abū ʿAlī Yahyạ̄ b. ʿĪsā b. Jazlah, Shaykh (fl. 10th/16th century), see Ibn Jazlah (d. ca. 494/1100) 135, 169 Abū Bakr b. Ibrāhīm al-Ishbilī, ʿAbd al-Futūḥ Radwān, see Radwān, ʿAbd see al-Ishbilī (d. 628–9/1231–2) al-Futūḥ Abū Bakr b. ʿUmar (d. 479–80/1087), 41 ʿAbd al-Mālik as-Saʿadi University Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad b. Muḥammad (Morocco), 279 al-Ghazālī, see al-Ghazālī ʿAbd al-Muʾmin, Sharīf (d. 544/1149), 41 (d. 505/1111) ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Fāsī, Muḥammad b. Abū ʾl-Ḥasan (d. 752/1351), 276 (d. 1116/1704), 122 Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Ismāʿīl al-Andalusī, ʿAbd al-Qādir b. al-Musṭ afạ see Ibn Sīda (d. 458/1066) (d. 1280/1864), 210 Abū ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad al-Zarwīlī, see al-Zarwīlī al-Saghīṛ al-Akhḍarī, see al-Akhḍarī (d. 719/1319) (d. 983/1585) Abū ʾl-Ḥasan al-Shādhilī, see al-Shādhilī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Suyūtī,̣ see al-Suyūtị̄ (d. 656/1258) ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Suyūtị̄ (d. 911/1505) Abū Hilāl al-ʿAskarī, see al-ʿAskarī (d. 1279/1864), 257–8 (d. 395/1005) ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. ʿAlī b. Sāliḥ ̣ abū ibrīq (watermark), 80, 81n, 359g; al-Makkūdī al-Fāsī (d. 808/1405), 121, see also watermarks 151, 157 Abū Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Mālik ʿAbd al-Salām al-Hawwārī al-Tunīsī b. Hishām, see Ibn Hishām, Abū (d. 749/1348–9), 130, 133n Muḥammad (d. 220/835) ʿAbd as-Salām (Emir of Ilorin,̣ 1823–36), Abū Salīm, Muhammad I., 96 214, 227 abū shibāk (paper); see also paper, 96 ʿAbd al-Wahhāb b. Aḥmad al-Shaʿrānī Abū ʾl-Walīd Muḥammad b. Aḥmad b. (d. 973/1565), 140, 164 Rushd (Averroes), see Ibn Rushd ʿAbdallāh (ʿAbdullāh, ʿAbd Allāh) b. Fūdī Abuja, University of (Nigeria), 175 (d. 1245/1829), 101, 115, 118–24, 129, acacia, 4, 62, 67, 71; Acacia niloticus, 62; 135–6, 146–7, 153, 155, 164, 185, 186, Acacia senegalensis, 47 187, 190, 201, 208, 209, 220 adab al-qāḍī, 136, 361g Abdallāhi (ʿAbd Allāh) b. Shaykh Sīdiyya Adel Maḥmūd (Timbuktu), 250 Bābā, 323, 324 Adrar (Algeria), 309–14 al-ʿAbdarī al-Gharnātī,̣ Muḥammad Centre national de manuscrits, b. Yūsuf (d. 870/1492), 133, 166 292n, 293–4, 295 Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Université Adrar (Mauritania), 8, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, (Morocco), see ʿAbd al-Mālik 25, 26, 41, 319, 323 as-Saʿadi University Adrar des Ifoghas (Mali), 6, 8, 368g ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-Kanawī, 185 Afonjạ (Ọyo ̣ Empire), 213–4 abridgments, 41, 42, 114, 118, 129, 132, Africa ’70 (NGO), 335n 133, 143, 166n, 191, 206 African Association (London), 89 400 index Afrique Occidentale Française (AOF), ʿajamī script, see under scripts, Arabic 30 al-Akhḍarī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Agadez (Niger), 29, 33, 215, 368g Muḥammad al-Saghīṛ Agādīr Dūm (Mauritania), 53 (d. 983/1585), 168 Agalawa (Hausa group), 182, 359g Akjoujt (Mauritania), 333, 369g agate trade, 18 Akka (Morocco), 27 Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Hilālī al-ʿAlawī, Sīdī ʿAbd Allāh b. al-Ḥājj al-Sijilmāsī (d. 1069/1659), 120, Ibrāhīm (d. 1234/1818), 59, 128, 131, 151, 156 152n, 160, 163, 164, 165, 169 Aḥmad ʿAlī ʿAbd Allāh al-Qalqashāndī, ʿAlawī dynasty (Morocco), 24, 25 see al-Qalqashāndī (d. 821/1418) Alexandria (Egypt), 79, 91n, 103n, 194 Aḥmad b. ʿAbdalkarīm, see al-Qādirī Alexandria, Library of, see Bibliotheca Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Sūsī al-Būsaʿīdī Alexandrina, 194 al-Hashtūkī al-Sanhājị̄ Alfiyyat (by al-ʿIrāqī), 128, 164 (d. 1047/1637), 124n Algeria Aḥmad Bābā al-Timbuktī French colonial rule in, 296 (d. 1037/1627), 54–5, 71, 262 Islamic education in, 295–300 Aḥmad al-Bakkāy, see al-Bakkāy, Aḥmad manuscripts in, 292, 292n, 293–6 (d. 1243/1865) Algeria, National Library of, 304, 313 Aḥmad Bamba, see Bamba, Aḥmad(u) alghāz (riddles), 135, 359g (d. 1346/1927) Algiers, 47, 293, 294, 296n, 309, 312 Aḥmad Būlaʿrāf (Boularaf), see University of, 293 Būlaʿrāf, Aḥmad (1884–1955) Alhaji Junaidu, see Junaidu, Alhaji Aḥmad b. Furtuwa,̣ see Ibn Furtuwạ ʿAlī Ḥarāzim (d. 1272/1856), 141, 174 (fl. 984/1576) ʿAlī b. Ismāʿīl al-Ashnīhī (Cairene paper Aḥmad al-Gharnātị̄ al-Ruʿaynī merchant), 85 (d. 779/1377), 127 ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Ujhūrī al-Misrị̄ Aḥmad Ḥamahuʾllah b. al-Sharīf (d. 1067/1656), 136, 167, 169 Muḥammad, see Ḥamahuʾllah b. ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Ḥijāzī al-Sharīf Muḥammad, Aḥmad (d. 907/1501), 243 (d. 1362/1943) ʿAlī b. Muḥammad al-Qalsādī Aḥmad al-Mansūṛ (d. 1012/1603), 23 al-Gharnātị̄ (d. 887/1482), 274 Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-Ghazālī, ʿAli b. Mūsā b. Saʿīd al-Maghribī, see al-Ghazālī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad see Ibn Saʿīd, (d. 685/1286) (d. 517/1123) ʿAlī b. Shitta (1869–91), 219 Aḥmad u-Mūsā as-Simlālī, Sīdī Alkalawa (Hausaland), 98, 200, 368g (d. 971/1563–4), 27 Almamy Maliki Yattara, 350n Aḥmad b. Qāsim al-ʿUqbānī Almasso (paper); see also paper, 88, 99 (d. 872/1466/7), 274 Almohad dynasty, 19, 45, 268 Aḥmad Shams al-Dīn, 64 Almoravids, 17–9, 36, 40, 53 Aḥmad al-Tijānī, Shaykh àlùfáà, àfáà (Yoruba), 214 (d. 1230/1815), 141, 366 alum trade, 18 Aḥmad w. Ṭiwayr al-Janna Aḥmad b. Muḥammad Lobbo (d. 1265/1849), 60, 148n (d. 1261/1845), 116, 153, 179n Aḥmad Zarrūq al-Burnusī al-Fāsī, Amazigh (“Berber”) manuscripts, 267 Shaykh, see Zarrūq, Aḥmad amazonite trade, 18 (d. 899/1493) AMMS, see Arabic Manuscript Ahmadu Bello University (Nigeria), Management System 175, 188n, anchor watermark, 78, 79n; see also Aïr Mountains (Niger), 4, 6, 8, watermarks 18, 20, 21 al-Andalus, 209, 270, 272 Aïssani, Djamil, 302, 303n, 304, 305n andalūsī script (al-khatṭ ̣ al-andalūsī), Aïssāwa (ʿIsāwa), 25, 359g see al-qurtubị̄ (under scripts).