Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Data for the calendar year 2002 by Linda M. Keller George A. Weidner Charles R. Stearns Jonathan E. Thom Matthew A. Lazzara Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin 1225 W. Dayton St. Madison, Wisconsin December, 2008 Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Data For The Calendar Year 2002 by Linda M. Keller George A. Weidner Charles R. Stearns Jonathan E. Thom Matthew A. Lazzara Space Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin 1225 W. Dayton St. Madison, Wisconsin December, 2008 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction......................................................................................................................... 1 2. Data Transmission.............................................................................................................. 1 3. AWS Identification and Location......................................................................................... 1 4. AWS Data Summaries........................................................................................................ 10 4.1. Monthly Data Summaries.............................................................................................. 10 D-10.............................................................................................................................. 11 D-47.............................................................................................................................. 11 Dome C II..................................................................................................................... 11 Port Martin……………………………………………………………………………………. 12 Cape Denison………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Penguin Point............................................................................................................... 12 Byrd…………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Mount Siple................................................................................................................... 13 Theresa........................................................................................................................ 13 Elizabeth....................................................................................................................... 13 Brianna………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 Harry…………………………………………………………………………………………… 14 Erin............................................................................................................................... 14 Siple Dome................................................................................................................... 15 Swithinbank................................................................................................................... 15 Marble Point.................................................................................................................. 15 Ferrell............................................................................................................................ 16 Pegasus North............................................................................................................... 16 Pegasus South.............................................................................................................. 16 Minna Bluff.................................................................................................................... 17 Linda............................................................................................................................. 17 Willie Field.................................................................................................................... 17 Windless Bight.............................................................................................................. 18 Herbie Alley…………………………………………………………………………………… 18 Cape Spencer………………………………………………………………………………… 18 Cape Bird....................................................................................................................... 19 Laurie II…….................................................................................................................. 19 Whitlock………………………………………………………………………………………. 19 Possession Island.......................................................................................................... 20 Manuela......................................................................................................................... 20 Marilyn........................................................................................................................... 20 Schwerdtfeger................................................................................................................ 21 Gill................................................................................................................................. 21 Lettau............................................................................................................................ 21 Elaine............................................................................................................................ 22 Larsen Ice Shelf............................................................................................................. 22 Butler Island................................................................................................................... 22 Uranus Glacier………………………………………………………………………………… 23 Limbert.......................................................................................................................... 23 Racer Rock.................................................................................................................... 23 Bonaparte Point............................................................................................................. 24 Sky-Blu............................................................................................................................ 24 iii Kirkwood Island............................................................................................................ 24 Dismal Island…………………………………………………………………………………. 25 Clean Air (South Pole)................................................................................................... 25 Henry............................................................................................................................. 25 Nico............................................................................................................................... 26 Relay Station................................................................................................................. 26 Dome Fuji……………………………………………………………………………………… 26 Mizuho…………………………………………………………………………………………. 27 4.2. Three Hourly Data Summaries....................................................................................... 28 5. AWS Calibration................................................................................................................. 28 5.1. Temperature................................................................................................................. 28 5.2. Pressure....................................................................................................................... 28 5.3. Wind Direction and Speed............................................................................................ 28 5.4. Relative Humidity......................................................................................................... 29 5.5. Vertical Air Temperature Difference.............................................................................. 29 6. AWS Operations Summary for 2001................................................................................... 29 6.1. AWS Performance........................................................................................................ 29 6.2. AWS Antarctic Field Activities....................................................................................... 31 7. Global Telecommunications System.................................................................................... 32 8. Data Availability................................................................................................................... 33 9. Acknowledgments................................................................................................................ 34 iv 1. INTRODUCTION Automatic weather station (AWS) units are deployed to collect Antarctic surface weather observations in support of specific meteorological research projects as well as operational activities in Antarctica. The 2002 network consisted of 52 installed AWS units providing observations on the Ross Ice Shelf, east of the Transantarctic Mountains and north of McMurdo to the Adelie Coast, along the Antarctic Peninsula, West Antarctica, East Antarctic, and climatological locations such as the South Pole. Each unit measures air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction at the top of the unit's tower at a nominal height of three meters and air pressure at the electronics enclosure (Figure 1). Some AWS units also measure the relative humidity at three meters and vertical air temperature difference between 0.5 and 3 meters. Measurement heights relative to the actual surface at the site are nominal due to snow accumulation around the AWS unit. 2. DATA TRANSMISSION The transmitted AWS data are received and stored by the Data Collection System on the NOAA series of polar orbiting satellites. The data are retransmitted by the satellite