Open System Services Management and Operations Guide Abstract This guide describes how to manage and operate the HP NonStop™ operating system Open System Services (OSS) environment. Product Version OSS Monitor T8622H02, T8622G12 Supported Release Version Updates (RVUs) This guide supports G06.27 and all subsequent G-series RVUs and H06.06 and all subsequent H-series RVUs until otherwise indicated by its replacement publication. Part Number Published 527191-004 May 2006 Document History Part Number Product Version Published 527191-002 OSS Monitor T8622H01, T8622G11 July 2005 527191-003 OSS Monitor T8622H01, T8622G12 September 2005 527191-004 OSS Monitor T8622H02, T8622G12 May 2006 Open System Services Management and Operations Guide Glossary Index Figures Tables What’s New in This Guide xiii Guide Information xiii New and Changed Information xiii About This Guide xv What This Guide Is About xv Who Should Read This Guide? xv What This Guide Does Not Cover xv What Is in This Guide? xvi Related Reading, Training, and Services xvii Unsupported Utilities xix Acknowledgment xx Notation Conventions xx 1. Introducing Open System Services The Operating System Environments 1-1 Management Tools 1-2 Management and Operations Tasks 1-3 OSS File System Concepts 1-5 OSS Files 1-6 The /G Directory 1-7 The /E Directory 1-7 The /dev Directory 1-8 Components to Be Managed 1-9 Input/Output Utilities 1-9 OSS Security 1-9 OSS File-System Components 1-10 Interprocess Communication Facilities 1-11 Hewlett-Packard Company—527191-004 i Contents 2. Operating the OSS Environment 2. Operating the OSS Environment Starting and Stopping the OSS Environment 2-1 Possible Ways to Start the OSS File System 2-1 Automatic Startup Service 2-2 Possible Ways to Stop the OSS File System 2-3 Manually Stopping the OSS File System and the OSS Environment 2-3 Manually Restarting the OSS File System and the OSS Environment 2-6 Managing the OSS Subsystem 2-6 Starting the OSS Monitor 2-7 Stopping the OSS Monitor 2-15 Obtaining Information About the OSS Subsystem 2-15 Changing the OSS Subsystem Configuration 2-18 Enabling the Automatic Startup Service 2-18 Removing the OSS File System 2-19 Monitoring OSS Processes 2-20 Monitoring OSS Processes From the OSS Environment 2-21 Monitoring OSS Processes From the Guardian Environment 2-21 Managing OSS Processes 2-22 Making OSS Application Processes Persistent with the Kernel Subsystem 2-23 Managing OSS Process Scheduling 2-30 Managing OSS Process Processor Use 2-33 Managing OSS Interprocess Communication Facilities 2-34 Scheduling Periodic Tasks 2-34 Using the cron Process 2-35 Using the NetBatch Product 2-38 3. Understanding the OSS File System OSS Pathnames 3-1 Using Pathnames for Remote Files 3-5 Using the Local Root Directory as a Pathname 3-5 OSS File Components 3-7 OSS Catalog Files 3-7 OSS Data Files 3-7 Relating OSS Files, Filesets, and Disk Volumes 3-8 OSS File Size Considerations 3-8 Fileset Size Considerations 3-9 OSS Configuration Files 3-10 Open System Services Management and Operations Guide—527191-004 ii Contents 4. Managing Servers 4. Managing Servers Introducing the OSS Servers 4-1 The OSS Name Servers 4-2 The OSS Message-Queue Server 4-2 The OSS Sockets Local Server 4-4 The OSS Transport Agent Servers 4-4 The Terminal Helper Servers 4-4 The Network Services Servers and Tools 4-5 Configuration Files 4-7 Configuration Files Used for the OSS Name Servers 4-7 Configuration Database Files Used for the OSS Message-Queue Server 4-19 Configuration Database Files Used for the OSS Sockets Local Server 4-20 Configuration Database Files Used for the OSS Transport Agent Servers 4-23 Configuration Files for the Network Services Servers and Tools 4-24 Adding a Server 4-28 Configuring a Server 4-29 Configuring an OSS Name Server 4-29 Configuring the OSS Message-Queue Server 4-30 Configuring the OSS Sockets Local Server 4-30 Configuring the OSS Transport Agent Servers 4-31 Configuring Network Services Servers, Tools, and Applications 4-31 Starting a Server 4-36 Starting an OSS Name Server 4-36 Starting the OSS Message-Queue Server 4-37 Starting the OSS Sockets Local Server 4-37 Starting an OSS Transport Agent Server 4-38 Starting a Network Services Server 4-38 Obtaining Information About a Server 4-39 Determining Whether a Server Is Running 4-39 Determining the Current Configuration of a Server 4-41 Determining Usage and Configuration of Network Services Servers 4-42 Stopping a Server 4-43 Stopping a Specific OSS Name Server 4-43 Stopping the OSS Message-Queue Server 4-44 Stopping the OSS Sockets Local Server 4-44 Stopping an OSS Transport Agent Server 4-45 Stopping a Network Services Server 4-45 Open System Services Management and Operations Guide—527191-004 iii Contents 4. Managing Servers (continued) 4. Managing Servers (continued) Reconfiguring a Server 4-46 Reconfiguring an OSS Name Server 4-46 Reconfiguring the OSS Message-Queue Server 4-47 Reconfiguring the OSS Sockets Local Server 4-48 Reconfiguring a Network Services Server 4-49 Removing a Server 4-49 Removing an OSS Name Server 4-49 Removing a Network Services Server 4-50 Troubleshooting a Server 4-50 5. Managing Filesets Creating a Fileset 5-1 Creating a Unique Fileset 5-1 Creating a Storage Pool 5-6 Starting (Mounting) or Restarting Filesets 5-7 Automatic Restart of Filesets During OSS Monitor Startup 5-8 Automatic Restart of Filesets by the Automatic Startup Service 5-9 Automatic Restart of Filesets After OSS Name Server Failure 5-10 Automatic Restart of OSS Name Servers After Processor Failure 5-10 Potential Problems During Automatic Restart of Filesets 5-10 Auditing a Fileset 5-12 Using the AUDITENABLED Attribute 5-12 Audited SCF Operations 5-12 Obtaining Information About a Fileset 5-13 Checking the Current Configuration of a Fileset 5-13 Checking the Current State of a Fileset 5-13 Stopping (Unmounting) a Fileset 5-13 Reconfiguring a Fileset 5-14 Changing the Operating Parameters of a Fileset 5-14 Changing OSS File Caching for the Disks of a Fileset 5-18 Changing the Physical Makeup of a Fileset 5-21 Checking and Repairing Fileset Integrity 5-24 When Do You Need to Check Fileset Integrity? 5-24 FSCK Log File 5-25 Inconsistencies Checked by FSCK 5-29 Generated Catalog Files 5-33 What Happens When Diagnosis Appears to Fail? 5-33 Deleting a Fileset 5-34 Open System Services Management and Operations Guide—527191-004 iv Contents 5. Managing Filesets (continued) 5. Managing Filesets (continued) Renaming a Fileset 5-34 Updating Existing Fileset Configurations 5-35 Removing Older Configuration Files 5-35 Moving a Directory Hierarchy to Its Own Fileset 5-36 Cleaning Up a Fileset 5-37 Troubleshooting Filesets 5-39 Managing and Repairing Fileset Catalog Files 5-40 Upgrading OSS Catalog Files 5-40 Moving and Removing OSS Catalog Files 5-41 6. Managing OSS Files Obtaining Information About OSS Files 6-1 Interpreting Guardian Filenames for OSS Files 6-2 Using the OSS gname Command 6-2 Using the OSS pname Command 6-3 Using FUP INFO on OSS Regular Files 6-3 Installing New Product Files 6-4 Using COPYOSS 6-6 Using PINSTALL 6-8 Removing Obsolete OSS Files and Directories 6-9 Updating the whatis Database Files 6-10 Backing Up and Restoring OSS Files 6-11 Considerations 6-12 Backing Up the OSS Environment Using a Version of Backup/Restore 6-14 Backing Up User Files 6-15 Backing Up OSS Files to Other Expand Nodes 6-22 OSS Files and Backup/Restore Utilities (T9074) 6-23 Restoring User Files 6-24 Redirecting OSS Standard Files 6-27 Controlling the Maximum Number of Files 6-30 7. Managing Terminal Access How Users Gain Access to the OSS Environment 7-1 Configuring Telserv Access 7-2 Configuring the Telserv TACL Service 7-2 Configuring a Telserv Direct Service 7-3 Configuring FTP Access 7-5 Open System Services Management and Operations Guide—527191-004 v Contents 8. Managing Security 8. Managing Security Common and Unique Characteristics of OSS and UNIX Security 8-1 Administrative Files and Directories 8-1 Administrative Tools 8-4 Users and Groups 8-6 Components of OSS Security Management 8-8 Managing Users and Groups 8-9 Differences Between OSS and UNIX User and User-Group Configuration 8-9 How Users Gain Access to the OSS Environment 8-10 User and User-Group Attributes 8-12 Assigning an Initial Working Directory 8-13 Assigning an Initial Program 8-17 Hints and Suggestions 8-19 OSS Security Auditing 8-23 Audit Records for OSS Objects 8-23 Auditing of OSS Shell Commands 8-26 Protecting Your System 8-26 OSS Shell Commands Useful for Security Administration 8-26 Use of suid Scripts 8-27 Preventing Security Problems 8-28 Identifying Attempts to Break Security 8-29 9. Managing With the Shell OSS Management With the Shell 9-1 Customizing the OSS Shell 9-2 Setting Up a Default .profile File 9-2 Setting Up an /etc/profile File 9-2 Localizing Software 9-5 Localizing Reference Pages 9-7 Monitoring the OSS Environment With the Shell 9-8 Slow Performance 9-8 Overuse of Resources 9-8 Controlling the Growth of Directories 9-8 Defragmenting Disks 9-9 Compressing Files 9-10 Executing Remote Shell Commands 9-10 Parsing Command Options With the getopts Command 9-11 Open System Services Management and Operations Guide—527191-004 vi Contents 10.