Study on ITS Directive, Priority Action A: The Provision of EU-wide Multimodal Travel Information Services D5 Final Report European Commission Directorate-General Mobility and Transport Under Framework Contract MOVE/C3/SER/2014-471 May 2016 i Disclaimer This report has been produced by the TRL Limited under a contract between COWI and the European Commission. The information and views set out in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this study. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure that the matter presented in this report is relevant, accurate and up-to-date, TRL Limited cannot accept any liability for any error or omission, or reliance on part or all of the content in another context. Contents amendment record This report (TRL Published Project Report PPR 775) has been amended and issued as follows: Version Date Description Editor Technical Referee Issue 1 11 March 2016 Submitted to EC for review Mark Wedlock, Clare Jean Hopkin Beaumont Issue 2 17 March 2016 Amended to take account of Jean Hopkin Clare comments from SL, JH B. Beaumont Submitted to EC Issue 3 14 April 2016 Added appendices from previous Jean Hopkin, Clare deliverables and responded to Katie Millard Beaumont further EC comments. Submitted to EC Issue 4 11 May 2016 Amendments to Executive Jean Hopkin, Clare Summary and Conclusions in Mark Wedlock, Beaumont, response to EC comments. Rebecca Kevin McRae- Translation of Executive Posner, Marie McKee, Britta Summary. Militzer Lang Authors Jean Hopkin, TRL Mark Wedlock, Arup Simon Ball, TRL Nicholas Knowles Jonathan Harrod Booth Mark Fell, TTR Alan Stevens, TRL Acknowledgements Thanks to the following contributors who provided their insight and perspectives to this research: Clas Roberg (Trafikverket, SE), Jan Willem (RWS, NL), Roger Slevin (UK) and Berthold Radermacher (DE) (both OJP CEN Committee), Bernard Schwob (FR), Andreas Kunde and Werner Kohl (MDV, DE), Martin Boehm (Austriatech, AT), Aurora García (ES), Miles Jackson (UK), Mark Wedlock (Arup, UK), Juergen Ross (VBB, DE), Reiner Doelger (DE), Thomas Giemula (DE), Antti Paasilehto (FI), Adrian Mazur (PL), Nathalie Mayeux (BE), Nikolaos Tsemperlidis (GR), Catarina Marcelino (IMT, PT), Adrian Mazur (PL) and Line Ringsholt Jensen (TBST, DK). ii Contents Executive Summary 1 Note de synthèse 8 Kurzfassung 16 1. Introduction 25 2. Overview of the current situation 32 3. Current issues, opportunities and outcome of the consultation 44 4. Assessment and cost benefit analysis of policy options 60 5. Monitoring and Evaluation KPIs 94 6. Conclusions and Recommendations 100 Appendix A Glossary of Terms 110 Appendix B Bibliography 120 Appendix C Existing travel information services 127 Appendix D European and national policies and status 135 Appendix E Expected functions of MMTIPS and data needs 152 Appendix F Review of current data exchange protocols and formats 157 Appendix G Analysis of existing formats and exchange protocols against data needs 178 Appendix H Review of linking travel information services 183 Appendix I Stakeholder consultation results 192 Appendix J Details of the Impact Assessment 252 Appendix K Organisational models 269 Appendix L Management appendix 272 iii Executive Summary Policy context Seamless door-to-door travel across Europe is one of the European Commission’s goals set out in the 2011 Transport White Paper to “by 2020, establish the framework for a European multimodal transport information, management and payment system” (EC 2011). Multimodal travel information for people wishing to travel cross-border across Europe is one of the pre-requisites of seamless travel, ideally using a single point of access to information about services using any mode and operating in any European country. There is a large amount of cross-border travel demand in Europe as indicated by Eurostat1. In 2013, there were almost 300 million cross-border journeys in the EU. This figure does not include single day return trips or those made by non-EU residents. Taking into account that many cross-border journeys in Europe can be easily made as return journeys within one day and some 609 million international tourists visit the EU each year2, this figure and thus the demand for such travel information will be considerably higher. The Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Directive allows for the provision of technical, functional and organisational specifications that can make “EU-wide multimodal travel information services accurate and available across borders to ITS users”, that is travellers using such services. In particular, the Directive highlights a number of policy measures to support this objective, namely: the accessibility of information and data, facilitating electronic data exchange between stakeholders across borders, and timely updating of information. Moreover, it also identifies the need for equitable rights to access, use and present data. As stipulated in article 5 of the ITS Directive, such rules and provisions would only apply to a Member State when the ITS service and data already exists; there are no requirements to start collecting travel and traffic data in a machine readable format or to create a multimodal travel information service. This report summarises the results of a study which aimed to build on top of previous studies3, in order to support the European Commission in developing specifications for the measures that are needed to overcome the remaining obstacles to realising EU-wide multimodal travel information services. Moreover, other delegated acts of the ITS Directive are now established, which prescribe mechanisms to enhance the access and exchange of real-time traffic, safe and secure parking and safety related data. The study also analysed whether the requirements in those delegated acts could be used here for Priority Action 'a'. The European Commission’s role is to be an enabler, not a provider of services. The consultations which have already been carried out have identified that activities such as establishing a legal framework and promoting standardisation are seen by stakeholders as key roles for the European Commission. Effective travel information systems are significant for both travellers and operators. Such systems make it easy for travellers to find and use the best means of transport available. They help operators to run their systems and reduce the costs of interacting with travellers. The rapid evolution of delivery systems (that is the process to convey a service to a customer) and of personal devices, has greatly increased the availability and usefulness of such services to travellers. In a congested, carbon-conscious Europe, multimodal travel information services will be important for encouraging the use of sustainable transport and for making efficient use of the road system in future. Thus, in addition to providing benefits for travellers and operators, multimodal travel information services also contribute to high level public policy objectives such as reducing congestion and emissions and improved network management through modal shift, and contributing 1 Eurostat http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database Table code tour_dem_tttr 2 http://media.unwto.org/press-release/2016-01-18/international-tourist-arrivals-4-reach-record-12-billion- 2015 3 http://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/its/studies/doc/2011_09-multimodal-journey-planner.pdf 1 to the development of the digital economy by increasing the demand for EU-wide online services. Objectives and methodology The objective of the study overall was to support the European Commission in the development of a policy framework to enable the provision of EU-wide multimodal travel information services (MMTIPS). This policy framework will remove existing barriers that prevent existing services from becoming more comprehensive and new services to emerge. It will take the form of technical, functional and organisational specifications as foreseen in the ITS Directive. In order to address these objectives, the study carried out an extensive review of the current situation, also known as the 'baseline review'. An extensive consultation with stakeholders was carried out, involving a workshop with more than 100 representatives of stakeholder groups and an online public consultation which received more than 175 responses across the entire stakeholder value chain and Member States of the EU. The baseline review and consultation results were used to define a ‘problem tree’ summarising the issues contributing to the fragmented development of multimodal travel information services in Europe. This part of the study identified the full range of barriers and preferences for potential approaches to overcoming fragmented and non- interoperable information and planning services across the EU. In doing so, it also identified the main costs and benefits of improving interoperability. Using the information from the baseline review and stakeholder consultation, four core policy options were identified by the European Commission to be assessed. Facilitating EU-wide Multimodal Travel Information This report highlights that EU-wide multimodal travel information services can be delivered in a variety of ways with no ‘one size fits all'. The role of the Commission is not to determine which