The Cold War in Canada by Lydia Rhea Background ´ 1931 Canada became a sovereign state ´ (govern itself, no ties to any other power) ´ Allowed through the Statute of West Minister ´ Link to Great Britain through tradition and trade ´ William Lyon Mackenzie ´ University graduate, lawyer, trained economist, and labor negotiator ´ Became Prime Minister in 1939 ´ Canada’s 1st deputy minister of labor, apart of Laurier’s cabinet and took over as leader of Liberal party after Laurier’s death Background ´ September 1945 Cold War began ´ Many causes led to Canada’s involvement ´ Many soviet spy in Canada ´ Igor Gouzenko ´ Spy for Soviet embassy cipher located in Canada ´ Found out Soviets planned to drop bombs, nuclear weapons Background ´ Canada pushed to continue to military cooperation they had with the U.S. ´ Growing communism of Soviets, Canada supported the North Atlantic Treaty ´ 1st peacetime treaty, stationed troops abroad ´ Canada participated in the Korean War ´ Sent soldiers to fight when Korea opened new front ´ Quebec province faced ´ high unemployment ´ Economic decline ´ Loss of faith in government- wanted gov to take action to help people Maurice Duplessis ´ 1936 became Premier of Quebec province ´ Established the Union Nationale ´ Formed party that would fight for the rights of Canadians in the province (UN) ´ Belonged to Conservative party ´ Switched due to English business community that controlled Quebec’s commerce ´ Blamed them for taking advantage of people, not treating fairly ´ Claimed his interests were in people’s best interest ´ With complete trust from the people Duplessis able to govern freely ´ Died in 1959 Padlock Law ´ Maurice Duplessis established law ´ Allowed provincial government to shut down and arrest any group or individual that they felt was subversive to Quebec’s principles ´ Claimed law was solely aimed at communists ´ Many said he used it to silence his opposition ´ Take care of people that made trouble for him and his government Rising of the Union Nationale ´ 1968 Canada had a booming economy ´ Most expenses spent toward defense ´ Increased demand for welfare policies ´ Wanted a change concerning foreign policy ´ 1929-1930 new party formed ´ To fight for French Canadian rights ´ Wanted people to run family affairs by their family values ´ Dealt with issues of: ´ Conscription crisis of WWI ´ How the attitude of business men towards the people of the province Union Nationale ´ Lasted for 40 years ´ Played key role in Quebec’s political life ´ First major Nationalist party to have major impact of people in Quebec ´ Unable to expand to other provinces ´ Lack of resources elsewhere ´ Unable to maintain same strengths found in Quebec The Massey Report ´ Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts Letters and Sciences ´ Appointed April 8, 1949 ´ Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent ´ Advocated for federal funding of different cultural activities ´ Chaired and named after a man named Vincent Massey ´ Landmark report issued on June 1, 1951 Massey Report outcome ´ Sent recommendations to Canadian gov concerning; ´ Foreign affairs ´ Led to development of National library of Canada and highly concerned with the Arts that promoted escape universities and high historic places ´ 1st steps gov took to, “nuture, preserve and promote Canadian culture” Massey Report outcome ´ Established in 1949 by St. Laurent ´ Laurent asked Vincent if he could lead developement in the Arts. ´ Held 114 meetings in can ´ Invited various experts to represent their findings and different studies ´ Investigating the overall state of Canadian culture ´ Reports emphasized the concern of Canada’s reliance on American values ´ Said Canada was in a state of anemia ´ Feared for Canada acquiring a permanent dependence of the United States Results of the Massey Report ´ Some advice given in report was put in action quickly, others were not ´ Most recommendations were enacted months after report announced ´ People who agreed and disagreed with report findings ´ Laurent was in favor of funding for higher learning (universities) ´ Laurent not in favor of other “less significant” arts (ballet dancers) ´ Seen as the establishment of the Canada Council ´ Encouraging; the Arts, Letters, Humanities, and Social Studies .