Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 2000 Molecular Systematics of the Green Algal Order Trentepohliales (Chlorophyta). Juan Manuel Lopez-bautista Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Lopez-bautista, Juan Manuel, "Molecular Systematics of the Green Algal Order Trentepohliales (Chlorophyta)." (2000). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 7209. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/7209 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm m aster UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy subm itted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bteedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. MOLECULAR SYSTEMATICS OF THE GREEN ALGAL ORDER TRENTEPOHLIALES (CHLOROPHYTA) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Plant Biology by Juan Lopez-Bautista B. S., Universidad Aut6noma de Nuevo Le6n, Mexico, 1981 M. Sc., The University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 1994 M ay 2000 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number 9979273 UMI___ __ <g> UMI Microform9979273 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was developed under the direction of my advisor, Dr. Russell L. Chapman, executive director of the Center for Coastal, Environmental, and Energy Resources and professor in the Department of Biological Sciences. It is with great joy that I acknowledge his continuous support and guidance at the Department of Plant Biology at Louisiana State University. I would like to express my gratitude to the committee members: Dr. Meredith M. Blackwell, Dr. James V. Moroney, Dr. Lowell Urbatsch, Dr. Frederick Sheldon, and Dr. Mark McLaughlin, for their critical reviews of the manuscript as well as their encouragement and the interest taken in my studies. I gratefully acknowledge the assistance and collaboration of Dr. Robert Lee (Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia), Dr. Aurora M. Nedelcu (University of Arizona at Tucson), Dr. Suzanne Fredericq (University of Louisiana at Lafayette), Dr. G. Holcomb (Louisiana State University), and Dr. Donald Kapraun (University of North Carolina at Wilmington). I would like to thank to Debra A. Waters, for patiently reviewing innumerable drafts, as well as for her continuing friendship. Research and travel was generously supported in part by NSF grant DEB-9408057, Sigma Xi national and local grants, a DOE/NSF/USDA Joint Program on Collaborative Research in Plant Biology (USDA grant 94-37105-0173), the Phycological Society of America, Dalhousie University at Halifax, and the Department of Biological Sciences at Louisiana State University. I would like to dedicate this dissertation to my parents, Manuel and Esther, who have been a continuing source and example of mutual love and respect. ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.......................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................... iv LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT................................................................................................................ viii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW............................................ 1 SYSTEMATICS OF THE GREEN ALGAE................................................. 2 BIOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF THE TRENTEPOHLIALES 11 2. PHYLOGENETIC AFFINITIES OF THE TRENTEPOHLIALES INFERRED FROM SMALL SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL DNA.......................... 33 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 34 MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................................................... 37 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...................................................................... 45 3. CONTINUOUS MITOCHONDRIAL LARGE SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL RNA IN CEPHALEUROS PARASITICUS KARSTEN...................................... 55 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 56 MATERIALS AND METHODS.................................................................... 58 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION...................................................................... 60 4. KARYOLOGY AND NUCLEAR GENOME QUANTIFICATION IN THE ORDER TRENTEPOHLIALES (CHLOROPHYTA)........................................ 67 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 68 MATERIALS AND METHODS..................................................................... 71 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION....................................................................... 72 5. PHYLOGENY OF THE TRENTEPOHLIALES (CHLOROPHYTA) BASED ON THE CHLOROPLAST rbcL GENE SEQUENCES...................... 81 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 82 MATERIALS AND METHODS..................................................................... 83 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION....................................................................... 87 6. GENERAL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................... 97 REFERENCES........................................................................................................... 102 APPENDIX: LETTERS OF PERMISSION............................................................ 116 VITA............................................................................................................................ 119 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Source of the published SSU gene sequences for green plants included in the sequence alignment ................................................................................... 38 4.1 Source of specimens........................................................................................... 72 4.2 Table 4.2. Chromosome numbers reported in some members of the Trentepohliales. * Assignment of IN or 2N is presumptive as chromosome numbers were reported without reference to confirmed ploidy levels.b As cited by Sarma (1982)........................................................ 74 4.3 Nuclear genome size (pg) in species of Trentepohliales................................. 77 iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. LIST OF FIGURES 1.1 Diagram of the cruciate arrangement of flagellar basal bodies and microtubular roots, anterior view, Ulvophyceae (left) and Chlorophyceae (right) (from Mattox and Stewart 1984)........................... 7 1.2 Diagram of the lateral arrangement in Charophyceae in side view, scaly cell with one large root (the MLS), one smaller root, and flagella (from Mattox and Stewart 1984)............................................................................. 7 1.3 Summary results of molecular analyses of the evolutionary relationships among the green