GSR_2009_v5low 11.05.2009 20:01 Uhr Seite 1 GSR_2009_v5low 11.05.2009 20:01 Uhr Seite 2 2 RENEWABLES GLOBAL STATUS REPORT | 2009 Update Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century REN21 convenes international multi-stakeholder leadership to enable a rapid global transition to renewable energy. It promo- tes appropriate policies that increase the wise use of renewable energies in developing and industrialized economies. Open to a wide variety of dedicated stakeholders, REN21 connects governments, international institutions, nongovernmental organizations, industry associations, and other partnerships and initiatives. REN21 leverages their successes and strengthens their influence for the rapid expansion of renewable energy worldwide. REN21 Steering Committee Richard Burrett Hans-Jorgen Koch Peter Rae University of Cambridge, UK Danish Energy Authority World Wind Energy Association/ International Denmark Renewable Energy Alliance Corrado Clini Ministry for the Environment and Territory Sara Larrain Tineke Roholl Italy Chile Sustentable Ministry of Foreign Affairs Netherlands Robert Dixon Li Junfeng Climate and Chemicals Team National Development and Reform Athena Ronquillo Ballesteros Global Environment Facility Commission, Energy Research Institute/ World Resources Institute/ Green Independent Chinese Renewable Energy Industries Power Producers Network Michael Eckhart Association American Council on Renewable Energy China Jamal Saghir Energy and Water Mohamed El-Ashry Ernesto Macìas Galàn The World Bank United Nations Foundation Alliance for Rural Electrification/ European Photovoltaic Industry Association Steve Sawyer Deepak Gupta Global Wind Energy Council Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Pradeep Monga India Energy and Climate Change Branch Griffin Thompson United Nations Industrial Development Department of State Amal Haddouche Organization United States Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables Paul Mubiru Ibrahim Togola Morocco Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development Mali Folkecenter/ Citizens United for Uganda Renewable Energy and Sustainability David Hales College of the Atlantic, USA Kevin Nassiep Carlos Gascó Travesedo National Energy Research Institute Prospective Department, IBERDROLA Kirsty Hamilton South Africa Chatham House, UK Piotr Tulej Rajendra Pachauri DG Environment: Energy Unit St.John Hoskyns The Energy and Resources Institute, India European Commission Department of Energy & Climate Change United Kingdom Wolfgang Palz Veerle Vandeweerd World Council for Renewable Energy Energy and Environment Group Didier Houssin United Nations Development Programme Directorate of Energy Markets and Security Lari Pitka-Kangas International Energy Agency United Cities and Local Governments/ City of Claudia Vieira Santos Malmö, Sweden Ministry of External Relations Tetsunari Iida Brazil Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies, Japan Mark Radka Division of Technology, Industry and Arthouros Zervos Adolf Kloke-Lesch Economics European Renewable Energy Council Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and United Nations Environment Programme Development Germany Disclaimer REN21 issue papers and reports are released by REN21 to emphasize the importance of renewable energy and to generate discussion of issues central to the promotion of renewable energy. While REN21 papers and reports have benefited from the considerations and input from the REN21 community, they do not necessarily represent a consensus among network participants on any given point. Although the information given in this report is the best available to the authors at the time, REN21 and its participants cannot be held liable for its accuracy and correctness. GSR_2009_v5low 11.05.2009 20:01 Uhr Seite 3 RENEWABLES GLOBAL STATUS REPORT | 2009 Update 3 RENEWABLES GLOBAL STATUS REPORT 2009 Update 4 RENEWABLES GLOBAL STATUS REPORT | 2009 Update FOREWORD This “Update” edition of the Renewables Global Status strategies will be key to helping the sector ride out the Report is the fourth in a series launched in 2005. It provides current financial downturn and emerge strongly as a critical an integrated picture of the global renewable energy situa- component of a long-term, stable, low-carbon global eco- tion, while coming in the midst of an historic and global nomy. economic crisis. The Washington International Renewable Energy Although the future is unclear, there is much in the report Conference (WIREC) in March 2008 helped to publicize the for optimism. Indeed, the modern renewable energy indus- opportunities provided by the renewable energy sector. The try has been hailed by most analysts as a “guaranteed- Washington event was the third high-level conference in a growth” sector, and even “crisis-proof,” due to the global series launched in Bonn, Germany, in 2004. Like the Bonn trends and drivers underlying its formidable expansion conference, the Washington conference produced an during the past decade. Policymakers have reacted to rising impressive Action Program, including 145 pledges made by concerns about climate change and energy security by governments from around the world and stakeholders from creating more favorable policy and economic frameworks, the private sector and civil society. The Renewable Energy while capital markets have provided ample finance for Policy Network, REN21, supports this conference series and development and deployment. The recent growth of the manages the Action Programs to advance renewable ener- sector has surpassed all predictions, even those made by gy policy in developed and developing economies. the industry itself. But we must remember that we still remain far from the political pledge made in 2002 at the This report is made possible with the financial support of World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) to the German government, which is much appreciated. I substantially increase the share of renewables in the global would also like to thank Deutsche Gesellschaft für energy mix. Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) for administration; the members of the REN21 Steering Committee for their gui- Many in the renewable energy sector remain anxious about dance; the REN21 Secretariat, especially Philippe Lempp, for the impacts of the financial crisis and how financial con- oversight and production; all of the researchers and corres- straints may affect their flourishing sector. Will environmen- pondents and reviewers for their contributions these past tal and energy-security goals take second place to short- five years; and the report’s lead authors, Eric Martinot term economic concerns? Will clean energy be regarded as (2005–09) and Janet Sawin (2009), for the tremendous a luxury option only during periods of thriving economies? effort of putting it all together. REN21 is proud to present the Renewables Global Status Report 2009 Update to the Without a doubt, the renewable energy sector has felt the international community and welcomes comments and impact of the current economic crisis, but growth continues, feedback. albeit at a slower pace. This report shows that the funda- mental transition of the world’s energy markets is conti- nuing. The report also shows that renewable energy expan- Mohamed El-Ashry sion is policy driven, and stable and predictable government Chairman, REN21 Report Citation and Copyright REN21. 2009. Renewables Global Status Report: 2009 Update (Paris: REN21 Secretariat). Copyright © 2009 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH. GSR_2009_v5low 11.05.2009 20:01 Uhr Seite 5 RENEWABLES GLOBAL STATUS REPORT | 2009 Update 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments . .6 Figure 7. Ethanol and Biodiesel Production, 2000–2008 . .13 Executive Summary . .8 Figure 8. Global Investment in Renewable Energy, Selected Indicators and Top Five Countries . .9 2004–2008 . .14 1. Global Market Overview . .11 2. Investment Flows . .14 Sidebar 1. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) . .17 3. Industry Trends . .15 4. Policy Landscape . .17 Table R1. Renewable Energy Added and Existing Policy targets for renewable energy . .17 Capacities, 2008 . .23 Power generation promotion policies . .18 Solar and other renewable hot water/heating Table R2. Added and Existing Wind Power, Top 10 policies . .19 Countries, 2008 . .23 Biofuels policies . .20 Green power purchasing . .20 Table R3. Grid-Connected Solar PV, 2004–2008 . .24 City and local government policies . .20 Table R4. Renewable Electric Power Capacity, 5. Rural (Off-Grid) Renewable Energy . .22 Existing as of 2008 . .24 Table R5. Solar Hot Water Installed Capacity, Top 10 Countries/EU and World Total, 2007 . .25 Reference Tables . .23 Table R6. Biofuels Production, Top 15 Countries plus EU, Further Information and Sources of Data . .28 2008 . .25 Endnotes . .28 Table R10. Cumulative Number of Countries/States/ Provinces Enacting Feed-in Policies . .25 References and Supplementary Information available at www.ren21.net/gsr Table R11. Cumulative Number of Countries/States/ Provinces Enacting RPS Policies . .26 Figures, Sidebars, and Reference Tables Table R12. Biofuels Blending Mandates . .27 Figure 1. Wind Power, Existing World Capacity, 1996–2008 . .11 Note: Tables R7–R9 were not updated from the 2007 report edition; Figure 2. Wind Power Capacity, Top Ten Countries, see Page 25. 2008 . .11 Figure 3. Solar PV, Existing World Capacity, 1995–2008 . .12 Figure 4. Renewable Power Capacities, Developing World, EU, and Top Six Countries, 2008 . .12 Figure 5. Share of Solar Hot Water/Heating Capacity Existing, Top 10 Countries, 2007 . .13 Figure