35853 Public Disclosure Authorized CONFLICT AND CHANGE IN KOSOVO: IMPACT ON INSTITUTIONS AND SOCIETY Public Disclosure Authorized by Gloria La Cava, Raffaella Nanetti, Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers, Arjan Gjonca, Taies Nezam, and Barbara Balaj with Public Disclosure Authorized Astrit Salihu, Francesco Del Re, and Deborah Davis Public Disclosure Authorized THE WORLD BANK Environmental and Socially Sustainable Development (ECSSD) Eastern Europe and Central Asia Region December 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE........................................................................................................................................................................................V ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................................................................. VII I. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................................VIII II. MACRO SOCIAL ANALYSIS ...........................................................................................................................................X III. ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS ..........................................................................................................XI V. DIASPORA ASSESSMENT.........................................................................................................................................XVIII VI. CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................................................................................XXI I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................................... 1 BACKGROUND...............................................................................................................................................................................1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: THE NEED TO BUILD INCLUSIVE SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN KOSOVO ................................2 METHODOLOGY AND SCOPE......................................................................................................................................................4 II. MACRO SOCIAL ANALYSIS, 1991 TO 2000.............................................................................................................. 6 DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES...........................................................................................................................................................6 Population projections.......................................................................................................................................................... 6 Demographic trends.............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Ethnic structure of the population...................................................................................................................................... 9 Structure of the active population....................................................................................................................................... 9 Rural-urban composition ...................................................................................................................................................11 Conflict-related displacement and damage ....................................................................................................................12 Consequences of emigration and conflict on gender.....................................................................................................14 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CHANGES..........................................................................................................................................15 Health ....................................................................................................................................................................................15 Education..............................................................................................................................................................................16 Employment.........................................................................................................................................................................17 Income....................................................................................................................................................................................17 Livelihood .............................................................................................................................................................................18 III. ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS ..........................................................................................................19 FORMAL INSTITUTIONS..............................................................................................................................................................19 UNMIK and the Joint Interim Administrative Structure...............................................................................................19 Joint Interim Administrative Structure: site assessment findings..............................................................................21 Pristina/Prishtine.................................................................................................................................................................21 Gnjilane/Gjilan....................................................................................................................................................................22 Prizren.................................................................................................................................................................................23 Malisevo/Malisheve............................................................................................................................................................23 Pec/Peja ...............................................................................................................................................................................25 Social capital case studies at two sites ............................................................................................................................26 INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS..........................................................................................................................................................29 Civil society: comparative findings on informal institutions.......................................................................................29 Types of civil society groups..............................................................................................................................................29 International support for groups that promote inclusion and bridging social capital .........................................................31 The traditional Kosovar family: an analysis of bonding social capital....................................................................31 The Kosovo-type family .....................................................................................................................................................32 ii Tradition and gender: women at risk.................................................................................................................................................32 Village political representation .........................................................................................................................................................33 From family to nation?........................................................................................................................................................34 Traditions of intra- and inter-community conflict resolution .............................................................................................34 Coping strategies: generating family income......................................................................................................................35 TRUST AND PARTICIPATION IN LOCAL INSTITUTIONS............................................................................................................38 Trust .......................................................................................................................................................................................38 Participation.........................................................................................................................................................................39 IV. SOCIAL ASSESSMENT...................................................................................................................................................40 PERCEPTIONS OF DISPLACEMENT AND HOUSING DESTRUCTION AND RECONSTRUCTION .............................................40 House destruction and displacement ...............................................................................................................................40 Reconstruction .....................................................................................................................................................................41