Human Exploration and Operations: AA Perspective Bill Gerstenmaier | April 22, 2013 Exploration is Human and Robotic 2 Mazlan Othman Director of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs Former Director General of Angkasa, the Malaysian National Space Agency 3 68 Countries Have Participated in ISS Utilization Germany Israel Macedonia Ghana Italy Malaysia Argentina Peru Greece Japan Mali Australia Poland Guatemala Kazakhstan Mexico Austria Portugal Belarus Republic of Korea Belgium Republic of South Africa Bermuda Romania Bolivia Russia Brazil Senegal Bulgaria Slovenia Canada Spain Chile Sweden China Switzerland Columbia Taiwan Croatia Thailand Czech Republic Trinidad and Tobago Denmark Turkey Dominican Republic Ukraine Ecuador United Kingdom Egypt Uruguay Fiji United States Finland Venezuela Hungary Luxembourg The Netherlands Vietnam France India Kenya New Zealand Indonesia Kuwait Nigeria Ireland Lebanon Norway 4 Cube Satellites After Deployment from ISS The JEM Small Satellite Orbital Deployer being released from the airlock and extended into space in preparation to jettison satellites. 5 15 Countries Contributed to the First Results from Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer “The exact shape of the spectrum…extended to higher energies, will ulmately determine whether this spectrum originates from the collision of dark maer parcles or from pulsars in the galaxy. The high level of accuracy of this data shows that AMS will soon resolve this issue.” Credit: CERN Press Office release on paper in Physical Review Leers 6 CASIS Center for the Advancement of Science in Space CASIS Portfolio • Life Sciences • Earth observation / Remote sensing • Materials Science NASA released a Cooperative Agreement Notice (CAN) on February 14, 2011 for a • Technology Development (new) non-profit entity “to develop the capability to implement research and development projects utilizing the ISS National Board of Directors Laboratory.” The objectives stated in the CAN • The current CASIS Board was appointed in November, included: 2012. Under Florida state law, it is self-perpetuating – the board is responsible for selecting its successors. • Identify the unique capabilities of the ISS that provide breakthrough opportunities • Current Board top priority is hiring a new permanent for non-NASA uses Executive Director. The Board is also developing its • Identify and prioritize the most promising strategy and mission concept for CASIS. research pathways • Increase the utilization of the ISS and • CASIS has completed two solicitations, selecting facilitate matching of research pathways proposals in protein crystal growth and materials with funding sources science. In April, 2011, four proposals were received • The CASIS Science Advisory Board is currently in response to the CAN. CASIS was awarded examining the potential for Earth Observation and a Cooperative Agreement on August 31, 2011. non-embryonic stem cell culture aboard the ISS. 7 Commercial Resupply Services Antares A-One Rocket on Pad SpaceX CRS-2 Dragon Recovery Orbital: Completed CRS-2, which launched 577 kg of Test launch in progress pressurized cargo, 221 kg of unpressurized cargo. Returned 1235 kg of pressurized cargo back to Earth. 8 Bigelow Expandable Activity Model Concept image. Credit: Bigelow • BEAM Project was initiated in January’2013 • BEAM planned launch date is May 2015 in SpaceX8 mission • BEAM will be berthed to Node 3 Aft • Total Internal Inflated Volume ~565 ft3 9 Made In Space Scheduled for 2014 launch, the first 3D printer on the ISS will investigate the effects of consistent microgravity on melt deposition additive manufacturing and will print parts in space Image Credit: Made In Space Builds 3D objects, layer-by-layer, with Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic (same material as Legos). 10 ISS is Our Space Biomedical Laboratory and Gateway to Mars • Primary orbiting laboratory that enables ISS One-year Mission - space biomedical research involving Launch in March 2015 crewmembers • Only facility capable of providing long-term exposure to the reduced-gravity environment of space • Equipped as a space biomedical research platform Scott Kelly Mikhail STS-103, Kornienko ISS STS-118, 23/24 ISS 25/26 11 Orion Accomplishments Completed heatshield ready for Inert Abort motor delivered to Launch Abort System Ogive panel transport to Textron in Boston, MA Operations and Checkout Building work at the Michoud Assembly for Avcoat application at KSC Facility Backshell panel drilling at the Service module assembly at the Super Guppy carrying the Orion Heat Operations and Checkout Building Operations and Checkout Building at Shield arriving at Hanscom Air Force at KSC KSC Base in Boston, MA 12 SLS Accomplishments Systems Engineering & Integration J-2X upper stage engine hot- Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle Stage Kennedy Space Center Pad 39B SLS model wind tunnel testing at fire test at Stennis Space Adapter (MSA) Flight Hardware (artist’s concept) with new Langley Research Center Center at Marshall Space Flight Center crawler transporter and control Nov 2012 Feb 2013 March 2013 room Jan 2013 RS-25 Engines at Stennis Space Center Oct 2012, shown with future RS-25 Test Stand F-1 engine gas generator – technology A1 demonstration for an optional Advanced Booster concept – hot-fire test at Marshall Space Flight Center, Jan 2013 Qualification Motor 1 casting at System Requirements Review/System Definition Review Completed ATK Oct 2012 13 Stages Manufacturing, Assembly, & Production/ Operations Snapshot at MAF Next Big Step Tooling May- Enhanced Roboc Weld Tool (ERWT) Availability June- Vercal Weld Center (VWC) VWC ERWT CDWT SRT VAC Stages “Green Run” Test Buildup at SSC B-2 Stage is Next Big Step 211” Tall April 30% Design on Structural Build- Out & Electrical Stages Tesng Restoraon June Work Package 3 of 5 Awarded Upper Superstructure Level 18 Level 7 Side Aer Demo & LOX Transfer Line Level 16 Level 11 Level 8 Level 7 Above: Aspirator and Level 7 Demolion Le: B-2 Flame NASA Stennis Space Center, MS Deflector Flow Tesng Test Stand B-2 Stages Green Run 15 GSDO Accomplishments Crawler-transporter Crawlerway VAB Modifications Modifications Modifications Pad 39B Modifications including Testing of Pad 39B new interface new hydraulic elevators Crawler-Transporter 2 connections 16 16 Capability Driven Framework 17 Strategic Principles for Incremental Building of Capabilities Six key strategic principles to provide a sustainable program: 1. Executable with current budget with modest increases. 2. Application of high Technology Readiness Level (TRL) technologies for near term, while focusing research on technologies to address challenges of future missions 3. Near-term mission opportunities with a defined cadence of compelling missions providing for an incremental buildup of capabilities for more complex missions over time 4. Opportunities for US Commercial Business to further enhance the experience and business base learned from the ISS logistics and crew market 5. Multi-use Space Infrastructure 6. Significant International participation, leveraging current International Space Station partnerships 18 Common Capabilities Identified for Exploration Capability Driven Human Space Exploration Human Exploration of Mars The “Horizon Destination” Architecture Common Capabilities (Mission Needs) Low Earth Orbit Human - Adv. In-Space Ground Crew and Cargo Robotic Habitation Propulsion Operations Access Mission Ops Beyond Earth Robotics & Crew Health & Orbit Crew and EVA Mobility Protection! Cargo Access Technologies, Research, and Science Autonomous Communication / Entry, Descent Mission Avionics ECLSS Navigation and Landing Operations In-Situ SKGs Measurements / Power and Energy Radiation Resource Thermal Instruments and Storage Protection! Utilization Sensors 19 Asteroid Strategy • NASA’s asteroid strategy aligns relevant portions of NASA’s science, space technology, and human exploration capabilities for a human mission, advanced technology development, efforts to protect the planet, and engages new industrial capability and partnerships • Leverages existing NASA efforts – Asteroid Identification and Characterization efforts for target selection – Solar Electric Propulsion for transport to and return of the target asteroid – Robotic servicing techniques for capture – SLS and MPCV missions for asteroid rendezvous • Benefits future exploration objectives for carrying humans further into space than ever before – Deep space navigation and rendezvous to enable crewed operations in deep space – High power solar electric propulsion to enable efficient transportation to deep space destinations – In space robotics for capture/control of uncooperative objects 20 Asteroid Mission Would Consist of Three Main Segments Identify Redirect Explore Notional Asteroid Asteroid Asteroid Crewed Identification Redirection Exploration Segment: Segment: Segment: Ground and space Solar electric Orion and SLS based based NEA target propulsion (SEP) crewed rendezvous detection, based asteroid and sampling mission characterization capture and to the relocated and selection maneuver to asteroid trans-lunar space 21 Asteroid Capture & Retrieval Mission Concept • Capture and redirect a 7-10 meter diameter, ~500 ton near-Earth asteroid (NEA) to a stable orbit in trans-lunar space • Enable astronaut missions to the asteroid as early as 2021 • Parallel and forward-leaning development approach Artist’s concept of a capture mechanism 22 Asteroid Mission Capabilities Support Long-Term Mars Strategy • Demonstration of Core Capabilities for deep