HEALTH SCIENCES Theory, Current Researches and New Trends :::c m ::t> � :::c V\ n m Prof. Dr. Nizami DURAN z n m Prof. Dr. S1dd1k KESKİN V\ Asst. Prof. Dr. Canan DEMİR IVPE2020 ISBN: 978-9940-46-048-8 HEALTH SCIENCES Current Researches and New Trends Editors Prof. Dr. Nizami DURAN Prof. Dr. Sıddık KESKİN Asst. Prof. Dr. Canan DEMİR Editors Prof. Dr. Nizami DURAN Prof. Dr. Sıddık KESKİN Asst. Prof. Dr. Canan DEMİR First Edition •© October 2020 /Cetinje-Montenegro ISBN • 978-9940-46-048-8 © copyright All Rights Reserved web: www.ivpe.me Tel. +382 41 234 709 e-mail: [email protected] Cetinje, Montenegro PREFACE The book ‘Health Sciences: Current Researches and New Trends’ is serving an academic forum for both academics and researchers working in such fields. Health sciences research is an interdisciplinary by nature. So it covers several fields such as medical, veterinary and pharmaceutical sciences. In this book, the academics working in different fields share their results with the scientific community. Thus more researchers will be aware of these studies and have some new ideas for their future studies. The selected articles have been reviewed and approved for publication by referees. It is hoped that the book will be of interest and of value to academics and researchers. I CONTENTS CHAPTER I Bilal CIG AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC-INDUCED HEARING LOSS AND TRPM2 CATION CHANNELS ..……………………………1 CHAPTER II Canan DEMİR DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION TECHNIQUE: PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS ………………………………………12 CHAPTER III Cigdem Damla DENIZ ANALYZING DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN/ALBUMIN RATIO WITH ROC CURVE IN NOVEL CORONAVIRUS DISEASE-19 (COVID-19) ……………………18 CHAPTER IV Gonca INANC & Murat OZGOREN & Adile ONIZ SLEEP RESEARCH FROM PAST TO PRESENT ………………27 CHAPTER V Sevim AKÇAĞLAR HEPATITIS A & B VIRUSES AND CHROMOSOME DAMAGES …..……………………………………………………44 CHAPTER VI Buket ERTURK SENGEL & Prof Ilker TINAY POST-OPERATIVE INFECTIONS IN ENDOUROLOGICAL PROCEDURES AND PRE-PROCEDURAL PROPHYLAXIS .56 CHAPTER VII Buket ERTURK SENGEL ANTIFUNFAL STEWARDSHIP ...………………………………70 CHAPTER VIII Gülay YILMAZEL THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN LIGHT OF 10 FACTS ON WOMEN'S HEALTH …..…………………………………………77 II CHAPTER IX Sedat YİLMAZ THE EFFECT OF GENOTYPE ON THE RISK OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH Β-THALASSEMIA MAJOR: A CASE–CONTROL STUDY Authors ..………………87 CHAPTER X Mustafa Kemal AVŞAR AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: CHOICE OF PROSTHESIS AND ANTITHROMBOTIC MANAGEMENT ..…………………98 CHAPTER XI Mustafa Kemal AVŞAR BIDIRECTIONAL GLENN SHUNT PROCEDURE WITHOUT CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS …...…………………………111 CHAPTER XII Kubra OYMAAGACLIO & Sonay GOKTAS & Elif GEZGINCI POSTOPERATIVE DELIRIUM …...……………………………132 CHAPTER XIII Melike ERTEM PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE OF AN ELDERLY PATIENT DIAGNOSED WITH CANCER: A CASE REPORT ...…………152 CHAPTER XIV Anıl GOKCE VIDEO-ASSISTED THORACIC SURGERY ..…………………161 CHAPTER XV Anıl GOKCE ROBOTIC THORACIC SURGERY .……………………………182 CHAPTER XVI Arif AYDIN & Mehmet Giray SÖNMEZ & Mehmet BALASAR PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY (PNL): TIPS AND TRICKS .…………………………………………………………201 III CHAPTER XVII Bahri ÖZER COMPARISON OF THE OUTCOMES OF THREE DIFFERENT STUMP CLOSURE TECHNIQUES IN LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDECTOMY ...……………………………………………221 CHAPTER XVIII Mehmet Salih BOGA & Mehmet Ilker TURAN THE RELATIONSHIP OF INGUINAL HERNIA AND URINARY SYMPTOMS ..………………...…………………………………228 CHAPTER XIX Mehmet ŞAHAP & Handan GÜLEÇ & Abdulkadir BUT ANESTHESIA IN BARIATRIC SURGERY ...…………………235 CHAPTER XX Mustafa KAPLANOĞLU & Çağlar ÇETİN & Dilek KAPLANOĞLU & Mehmet Turan ÇETİN DIFFERENT EDUCATION MODELS FOR ENDOSCOPY ..…246 CHAPTER XXI Figen VARLIBAS CLINICAL DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH TO DEMENTIA AND ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE ...……………………………………260 CHAPTER XXII Hulusi Emre ÇEVİKER & Allahverdi SADİGOV & Osman ÖZTÜRK NEONATAL HIPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: A UPDATE REVIEW FOR THE CLICIAN ………………………279 CHAPTER XXIII Gökhan NUR & Haci Ahmet DEVECİ METABOLISM-INHIBITING AGENTS: TISSUE FIXATIVES .…………………………………………290 IV REFEREES Prof. Dr. Fevziye Çetinkaya, Erciyes University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Halit Demir, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Övül Kümbüloğlu, Ege University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Selçuk Güven, Necmettin Eebakan University, Turkey Prof. Dr. Zekaver Odabaşı, Marmara University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Celal Buğra Sezen, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Elif Tigen, Marmara University, Turkey Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tülin Yıldız, Namık Kemal University, Turkey Asst. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Cihan Yavaş, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Turkey Asst. Prof. Dr. Muhittin Önderci, Adıyaman University, Turkey Asst. Prof. Dr. Oğuz Çatal, Bolu Abant izzet Baysal University, Turkey Asst. Prof. Dr. Ahmet Yüksek, Yozgat Bozok University, Turkey Asst. Prof. Dr. Nureddin Yüzkat, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Turkey Asst. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Bülbül, Adıyaman University, Turkey Asst. Prof. Dr. Pınar Aksu Kılıçle, Kafkas University, Turkey V CHAPTER I AMINOGLYCOSIDE ANTIBIOTIC-INDUCED HEARING LOSS AND TRPM2 CATION CHANNELS Asst. Prof. Dr. Bilal CIG Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Turkey, e-mail: [email protected] Orcid No: 0000-0001-7832-066X 1. Introduction Hearing loss is a very common sensory impairment problem affecting approximately 466 million people (34 million children) worldwide (World Health Organization, WHO updated data March 1, 2020). According to scientific data, the number of people with hearing problems will be 900 million in 2050. Although the causes of hearing loss are mostly hereditary, due to ototoxins, it can also occur in advanced ages. Hearing loss also has an annual global cost of 750 billion USD. Sensory hair cells are special mechanically sensitive receptors in the cochlear system that generate vibrating and acoustic stimuli for hearing. Aging, ototoxic agents (some antibiotics, platinum- based chemotherapeutics, etc.), congenital complications, hereditary mutations, chronic ear infections and noise causes cochlear system degeneration, mechanical transduction dysfunction, and sensorineural hearing loss (Wong and Ryan 2015). The hearing impairment that follows this cochlear injury is directly related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Aminoglycoside antibiotics, one of the autoxic agents, are widely used in the treatment of infections, causing 25% hearing loss. Aminoglycoside ototoxicity is well characterized, it is relatively simple to apply in animal models (Michael et al., 2016). It is important to analyze the basic mechanisms underlying hearing problems and seek appropriate treatment protocols. 2. Cochlear system and molecular structure of hearing The molecular mechanisms of mechanical conduction in hearing, which is one of our important sensory organs in maintaining our daily life, has not yet been fully understood in terms of its complex structures. Sensory connections in the auditory system are located inside the bone labyrinth of the inner ear. Environmental sounds are detected through 1 the hair cells in the corti organ in the spiral cochlear system. There are more than 16000 hair cells in the corti organ (Schwander et al., 2010). Cochlear hair cells can be classified into two different types with different properties and innervation: internal and external hair cells (Figure 1A, B). While inner hair cells are primary sound sensors, outer hair cells function as sound amplifiers (Ekdale, 2016). Sound waves following the ear canal are converted into mechanical movements with the miraculous design of the cochlear system. This event begins primarily with the vibration of the eardrum connected to the middle ear bones. The vibration of the middle ear bones is transmitted to the cochlea, which leads to the displacement of the cochlear fluid and the basilar membrane (Fig.1A). Displacement causes physical stimulation of hair cells in the basilar membrane, which converts mechanical movement into electrical reactions (Beurg et al., 2006; Ekdale 2016). Hair cells are arranged tonotopically throughout the cochlea: cells in the base of the cochlea are adjusted to higher frequency sounds, and cells in the cochlea apex are adjusted to lower frequency sounds. The perception of sounds in our ears, the conversion of mechanical signals into electrical signals are provided by Transmembrane channel-like proteins 1 and 2 (TMC1 and TMC2) structures localized in stereocilia. A small change in these conductors activated in the resting potential can make major changes in firing rates. Fig.1 Cochlear system and hair cells (A) Scheme of the human ear. After the sound coming from the ear, vibrates the tympanic membrane, 2 it reaches the cochlea with malleus, incus and stapes bones. (B) Korti organ, internal and external hair cells. (Chittka and Brockmann 2005). 3. Aminoglycoside antibiotics and hearing loss Hearing loss and deafness are serious problems that need to be addressed socially, as they cause social isolation and psychologically push people alone and increase the levels of depression and anxiety. Not only this size, but also expensive hearing aids, implant surgeries and their regular controls place a serious economic burden on people. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are highly preferred in terms of providing effective treatment options for gram-negative infections, bacterial infections in premature babies and tuberculosis. In addition to this treatment efficacy, irreversible damage to the hair cells in the inner ear known as mechanotransduction center and causing permanent hearing loss limits its use. Aminoglycosides enter the hair cells